Research On Ritual System Of Qin Bronze Tombs In Guanzhong Region

"Qin" was originally a small vassal state of the Western Zhou Dynasty.Since the meeting of Qian and Wei in the spring and Autumn period,the Ying and Qin people came out of Longxi and entered Guanzhong,and took it as the base camp to fight for the hegemony of the world.So far,Guanzhong area has become the center of Qin people’s long-term activities.The Qin tombs with bronze vessels found in Guanzhong area,to a certain extent,represent the development of people in the high social class in Qin culture.First of all,this paper judges the chronological sequence of 101 Qin bronze tombs in Guanzhong area,and constructs the chronological framework of Qin bronze tombs in Guanzhong area after clarifying the controversial ones.Then it discusses and studies the ritual system of Qin’s Bronze tomb in Guanzhong area.Finally,it reveals the development of Qin’s ritual culture by comparing Qin’s ritual system with Zhou’s and Chu’s.The thesis is divided into four chapters as follows.The first chapter is the introduction.First of all,this paper clearly defines the research object and space-time scope,combs the discovery and research history and current situation of Qin tombs in Guanzhong area,points out the shortcomings of previous research results,explains the background of the times,and briefly explains the research ideas and methods of this paper.The second chapter determines the chronological sequence of Qin bronze tombs in Guanzhong area.According to the chronicles of the Qin state,the bronze tombs of the Qin system are divided into six periods: the early spring and Autumn period,the middle spring and Autumn period,the late spring and Autumn period,the early Warring States period,the middle Warring States period and the late Warring States period to the Qin Dynasty.On the basis of the previous research results,we pay attention to the evolution rules and characteristics of the funerary objects in each period,and compare and analyze the tombs with great controversy in terms of age to determine the chronological sequence of the tombs The next chapter is about the observation of ritual system.The third chapter is the observation of the ritual system of Qin bronze tomb in Guanzhong area.This paper makes a diachronic and hierarchical study on the evolution process of Qin system bronze tomb ritual system in Guanzhong area from two aspects of using Ding system and combination system,and on this basis summarizes the phased characteristics of the development of Qin system bronze tomb ritual system in Guanzhong area.In terms of the use of Ding system,from the aspects of the material,type,size and tomb display location of the Ding,the investigation of the Ding system combination in the bronze Tomb of Qin Dynasty shows that the Ding system combination in the state of Qin experienced the development and change of the orderly separation of the copper and the pottery Ding,the occurrence of the phenomenon of the combination of the copper and the pottery Ding,the confusion and collapse of the combination of the copper and the pottery Ding.On the investigation of Ding Shi,comparing the practice of ritual system of Qin bronze ware tomb in Guanzhong with the situation of sacrificial animals in ritual books,we can see that the system of using Ding recorded in ritual books has not been fully observed in Qin bronze ware tomb in Guanzhong.In terms of combination system,according to the number of tripods,this paper studies the ritual combination of Qin Dynasty bronze tombs in Guanzhong area by stages,and observes the combination changes of various periods.Through the observation of the display position of the ritual vessels in the tombs,we can see that the combination mode of the vessels has changed from material oriented to function oriented.According to the observation of the above two characteristics,the ritual system of Qin state can be divided into three development stages: early spring and Autumn period,middle spring and Autumn period to early Warring States period and middle Warring States period to Qin Dynasty.By comparing the practice of ritual system of Qin bronze tomb in Guanzhong area with the records of ritual books,we can know that Qin’s adherence to Zhou ritual went through the process of strict adherence,confusion and complete abandonment.The fourth chapter compares the ritual system of Qin system with that of Zhou system and Chu system respectively.It can be seen that in the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty,the luxury style of using a large number of bronze ritual in other countries and the simple practice of using only a small number of practical bronze vessels in Qin country form two extremes,which highlights that the ritual system of Qin system gradually broke away from the old system of Zhou ritual from the middle of Warring States period after being deeply influenced by Zhou ritual in the early spring and Autumn period Finally,it went to the process of the system of rites which was contrary to the Confucian rites and music civilization of Zhou Dynasty.Based on this,the author further explores the reasons for the changes in the appearance of Qin ritual system.