Research On The Thought Of "Self-Sustaining" In Dialectics Of Enlightenment

This article uses Horkheimer and Adorno’s "Enlightenment Dialectics" as a text resource,takes "self-preservation" ideological research as problem awareness,and delves into the unique expression of self-preservation ideas in "Enlightenment Dialectics" as research content,With the purpose of revealing the critical theory of modernity it reveals,and further embody the truth power of Marxist critical theory of modernity.Western modern philosopher Hobbes first proposed the concept of "self-holding".Used in the entanglement of national politics and individual rights.Spinoza takes "self-preservation" as its "primary basis for virtue" and strives to embody the ontological implication of self-preservation.According to Horkheimer and Adorno,"self-holding" is a means and purpose of modern society under totalitarian rule.As a statistical factor or a success or failure factor,the survival standard of individuals is "self-holding" "Save",that is to say whether he can become an instrumental existence of power control.Make the self-contained thinking go beyond the previous ideological connotation,and carry out enlightenment and mythology,enlightenment and modernity,and dialectical investigation in multiple dimensions such as individual and society,individual and organization,survival and domination.The dialectics of enlightenment has the dialectical thought tension and modernity critical value.The thesis is divided into five parts.The introduction,as the first part of the thesis,attempts to clarify the status of the "self-holding" thought in the study of the book under the premise of explaining the book "Enlightenment Dialectics" of Horkheimer and Adorno as a text resource,that is,"self-holding" The relative absence of the idea of "existence" clarifies the theoretical significance,practical significance,and importance of the study of self-existence thought,which is the main task of the introduction.The first chapter of the thesis mainly clarifies the historical sources and ideological resources of the idea of "self-preservation",so that it truly becomes the ideological support for thesis writing and research.That is to say,through combing and squeezing the academic history of self-sustained thoughts,it was discovered that Hobbes’ s relationship with the sovereignty of the state by maintaining the subjective thoughts was the special meaning of this concept for the first time at the level of political philosophy;Spinoza pushes the idea of"self-preservation" to human morality in the new field of ethics and morality.Of course,Spinoza discusses human virtue at the level of natural person and natural responsibility,so that self-preservation has The meaning of natural ontology;the Scottish enlightenment thinker Adam Ferguson pointed out that human nature is self-preservation and profit-seeking,as they said: "They can bury their heads in pursuit of private interests,and they can save their incomewithout considering public welfare.".This is indeed comparable to Rousseau’s thought,that is,it can be seen as a way of expressing free thought earlier than Rousseau.The second chapter of the thesis is the main content of the thesis.That is to take the first chapter.If there is a different grasp and understanding of the concept of "self-preservation" before the publication of "Enlightenment Dialectics",then how does "Enlightenment Dialectics" understand and study this Thoughts.Through the continuous excavation and understanding of the text data,the thesis displays,analyzes and examines the "self-preservation" idea in the book from several aspects.For example,from the perspective of political philosophy,the idea of "self-preservation" in the Dialectics of Enlightenment expresses a series of social tragedies such as the enlightenment turned into myth under the totalitarian rule,the deception of the cultural industry,and the devastation of the Jews.In this modernity cause,"self-holding" reveals the roots of controlling power,that is,the enlightenment retreating back to barbarism.That is to say,the original "self" was saved but it was resolved,and the "blind" power was suppressed.After the release,it eventually turned to the opposite side,and rationality turned into irrational existence.From the perspective of natural ontology,it expresses the harmony between man and nature,and learns to remember nature;from the perspective of freedom,it expresses that not only nature is free,but people living in it are also free rational animals,and those under totalitarian rule People are rebellious.On the one hand,it demonstrates the development and transcendence of the self-preservation thought in Dialectics of Enlightenment,and on the other hand,it also shows the unique value of the self-preservation thought in Dialectics of Enlightenment.The third chapter of the thesis is a logical continuation of the second chapter,that is,the unique characteristics of the idea of "self-preservation" in the Dialectics of Enlightenment will be revealed.The problems of historical dialectics revealed in the dialectical relationship between enlightenment and myth,the problems of freedom revealed by the role of the Jews’ "self-holding" under the conditions of modern industrial civilization,and the people revealed in the relationship between the individual and the community The problem of human existence,etc.,shows that the book "Enlightenment Dialectics" makes the "self-preservation" thought have three major characteristics of compulsive nature,reasonable root and overall dominance.Therefore,the fourth chapter of the thesis is to criticize and reflect on the modernity of the "self-preservation" thought and its characteristics in the Dialectics of Enlightenment.That is,adhere to the basic position of Marxism,and use Marx’s historical materialist dialectics to analyze and judge "Enlightenment Dialectics" and self-preservation thought.For example,Marx put forward the theory of labor alienation,which on the one hand includes the alienation of man and his own kind of essence,and all the free and conscious activities of man are transformed into the way of physical preservation.Marx used modern critical thinking toshow us the alienated preparatory theoretical premise of "self-preservation",and its deeper interpretation will help us to understand the "Enlightenment Dialectics" and then achieve the solution to re-enlightenment.