| Throughout the history of our country,the later Ming Dynasty is a times during which the social environment changed sharply,including rapid development of commodity economy,conversion of ideological value,as well as constant introduction of western culture so that the cultural environment in later Ming Dynasty was vigorous,diversified and full of vitality.The people in later Ming Dynasty focused on pursuit of personalty liberation,so that “novelty advocating” became the tide thought in that time under the stimulation of heart-mind theory of manifesting true emotion and urban culture of going after novelty and longing for unconventional things.The current people liked to chase after the behaviors of hunting for novelty,curiosity and being rat-fuck.People in later Ming dynasty displayed their personalty in the social trend of thought of “novelty advocating” so that a lot of artistic works with new style of expressing ego were created,including literary and artistic works created by Li Zhi,Yuan Hongdao,Xu Wei and Wang Duo.All of their works took “novelty” as the benchmark.Therefore“novelty” has become a kind of social context,the fence of traditional art has been broken,and idea of manifesting “novelty advocating” was generally spread with various external “strange”forms.The calligraphy art in later Ming Dynasty also influenced by the idea of “novelty”.The works handed down from later Ming Dynasty show that both lovemaking creations of expressing wills and spirits,and tracing the traditional classics by calligraphers in later Ming Dynasty contained neutralization beauty different from the calligraphy books of “two Wangs”,with singular,grand and powerful calligraphy styles.In the meantime,the expression forms of calligraphy and the calligraphy idea also changed due to influence of “novelty advocating” idea,so that “novelty” has become the aesthetic standard for the calligraphers in later Ming Dynasty.The thesis is divided into four chapters,mainly focusing on the study on the idea of“novelty advocating” in the calligraphy practice in later Ming Dynasty.The first chapter is mainly about analysis of “novelty advocating” in later Ming Dynasty.The reason of the idea “novelty advocating” and the unique social phenomenon formed by the influence of the idea “noveltyadvocating” are analyzed through economy development,conversion of thinking and values and influence of western culture.The second chapter is about the analysis on the influence of the idea “novelty advocating” on calligraphy’s expression forms in the aspects of prevalent large-scroll calligraphy works and miscellaneous books and volumes in later Ming Dynasty,conversion of ideas and methods of tracing in later Ming Dynasty,practical theory of seal and clerical script and seal carving,as well as the novel application of variant Chinese character.The third chapter is about discussion of the influence of the idea “novelty advocating” on calligraphers in later Ming Dynasty.Under the influence of the idea “novelty advocating”,the calligraphers in later Ming Dynasty were in pursuit of unique style,boasting personalty,exerting and unbosoming passions with abandon through inks,including Xu Wei who was open-minded and untrammelled,Zhang Ruitu who was sharp,precipitous,open and bold,Huang Daozhou who was powerful,charming and profound,Ni Yuanlu who was singular and unbridled,Wang Duo who was strange and powerful,etc..The fourth chapter is about the significance and value of the idea “novelty advocating” in later Ming Dynasty.The conversion of aesthetic idea resulted in change of calligraphy taste in later Ming Dynasty,so that the domination of the study of traditional calligraphy book history of “Two Wangs” and “neutralization” beauty started to be challenged,and the calligraphers in later Ming Dynasty started rebelling against tradition and“uniquely expressing personalty and spirits”.Accordingly,the idea “novelty advocating” of the calligraphy in later Ming Dynasty is the supplement and enrichment of the Chinese calligraphy aesthetics,playing an important role in leading the development of stele study in Qing Dynasty. |
