Liu Xianxin’s Study On The Theory Of Pre-Qin Philosophers

Liu Xianxin was influenced by his grandfather Liu Yuan when he was a young boy and studied Zhang Xuecheng’s thoughts,building up his thoughts finally.In fact,we will find that Liu Xianxin’s study of pre-Qin philosophers is also a whole.He had his own philosophy and a strong sense of responsibility.He uses thoughts of Lao Zi and Confucius to criticize other pre-Qin philosophers,wih a ambition of Pragmatism.First of all,the first chapter is Liu Xianxin’s premise to study the pre-Qin philosophers.On the one hand,Liu Yuan enlighten Liu Xianxin in philosophy.Liu’s ideological constructions are related with Liu Yuan.On the other hand,Zhang Xuecheng’s two theories of “six classics are all history”and "distinguish the categories and understand the source and flow" are mainly used to guide Liu Xianxin in practice and research methods.Thirdly,On the basis of Liu Yuan and Zhang Xuecheng,Liu Xianxin further proposed that "research objects need to be classified and understand their origins",forming his own value standard of criticism.Finally,In the face of modern western thoughts,Liu Xianxin opposed the western theory but was also influenced by the system and logic of western learning.Secondly,Liu Xianxin’s Thoughts on the pre-Qin philosophers.The second chapter is about Confucianism.On the one hand,Confucius believed that people are kind,knowledge is consistent with behavior and reached the realm of harmony between heaven and man.Secondly,Mencius inherited Confucius,praised Shun,and advocated kindness.Besides,from Confucius to mencius,Confucianism maintains a coherence.In addition,Liu xianxin assimilated mencius’ theory of goodness and "zhi ren lun shi",and shaped his theory of "tui shi",and he study the origin of the subject and evaluate it with kindness.Thirdly,since Xun Zi,Confucianism has become unclear.Xun Zi did not understand the harmonious relationship between people and nature.Xun Zi who guided the legalism misunderstood the role of etiquette and insisted that human nature is evil,so Liu Xianxin didn’t like him.Liu Xinxin criticized Xun Zi with the tendency of returning to the nature of Confucianism and Taoism.In fact,from the perspective of the origin of Confucianism,Liu’s thought on Confucianism also has a tendency of regression.The third chapter is about Taoism.In the discussion of Taoism,Liu has the intention of clarifying the original face of Taoism.He cited Confucius to prove Lao Zi and thought that judging laozi had a view of right and wrong,good and evil,so he believed that Confucianism and Taoism were originally compatible.People just don’t understand that.Secondly,Chuang tzu is the closest to Lao Zi,but he also deviates from Lao Zi.Chuang tzu did not understand the relationship between people and nature,He has no sense of right and wrong.Finally,Confucianism first,Taoism second.In general,Liu Xianxin mainly clarifies the meaning of Lao Zi and criticizes Chuang tzui’s remarks.The fourth chapter is about legalism.Firstly,legalism is the most extreme example of the departure from Lao Zi and Confucius.Because Pre-Qin Philosophers’ views change with the times,they are not correct.Secondly,Liu believes that Chinese scholarship comes from Confucianism and Taoism.The legalism inherited Confucianism and Taoism,but their views were not correct.The legalism family inherited the views of Xun Zi and the ohter stream of Taoism.Thirdly,Liu Xianxin clarified the development of legalism and pointed out the two extremes of Han Fei’s theory.The fifth chapter is about Yang Zhu and Mo Zi.Firstly,Liu Xianxin believes that western learning is advancing and everything is in progress,which is actually similar to Mo Zi’s restlessness.This view is embodied in the following two points.The first is Mo Zi only seeks profit but does not know beauty,which is in line with the modern utilitarianism to replace the pursuit of truth,kindness and beauty with the scientific spirit.The second is the poison of Mohism in modern times is the student movement and the party.In fact,it is tempting to make the party students are suffering from its harm and eager to between the fame and wealth.Secondly,Liu was dissatisfied with Yang’s individualistic tendencies.The rampant promotion of individualism,such as arbitrary divorce and imperialist annexation under the slogan of freedom and equality,is in fact a disaster for Yang Zhu.Liu Xianxin believes that Yang Zhu "for me" is to correct the Mohist problem.So Liu Xianxin is against both Mohism and Yang Zhu.The sixth chapter is about Zai Jia.First of all,The typical representative of the Zai Jia is Lu Shi Chun Qiu.Its thoughts came from Confucianism and Taoism.Lu Shi Chun Qiu not only inherits the essence of Confucianism and Taoism,but also has improper views.Secondly,although the book centers on Confucianism and Taoism,there are some wrong views.Therefore,the book could not be the top among pre-Qin philosophers.Finally,Liu Xianxin discusses on pre-Qin philosophers’ proses.There are three main points.Firstly,the characteristics of the prose are argumentation and plain content.The styles can be divided into mellow and unbridled.The style can also be divided into style of the spring and autumn period and style of the warring states period.Secondly,from the perspective ofliterature development history,Liu Xianxin’s style theory believes that literature is carried out in the plain and gorgeous.The literary style alternates between zi jia and fu jia.Furthermore,from the perspective of stylistic development,their prose has set the standard for the later two styles of biography and the question-and-answer style.Thirdly,from the perspective of literature history and selected works,Liu Xianxin classifies them into groups,Focusing on the style of various proses.There is a tendency for the content to determine the form.