| Chumaxian is the clergy of the Baojiaxian belief in Northeast China,the communication medium between people and gods and ghosts,and the specific carrier to understand and study the Baojiaxian belief.In the past,the academic circle has abundant research results on folk beliefs,but the research on the belief culture of Baojiaxian in Northeast China is relatively lacking,especially the research on its clergy Chumaxian is even weaker.Based on the existing research results of the academic community,this paper selects Yushu City of Jilin Province as a field point to analyze and discuss the key reasons why Ma Xian can be inherited and continued in the modern context.It is found that as the clergymen who believe in Baojiaxian,Chumaxian has its particularity from ordinary people.People who have experienced magical experiences and become immortals,on the basis of the original,have correspondingly added the unique concept system composed of the concept of gods and ghosts,the system of spirits,the concept of soul and the concept of healing.Under the guidance of this world outlook,it can play the function of checking things for people and seeing a doctor to reverse the unbalanced state.Through the observation of the ceremony and the in-depth interview with the key figures,it is concluded that the main reasons for the continuation of the Ma Xian are as follows: the government’s management policy on the folk belief is gradually relaxed,which creates a good social environment for the development of the Ma Xian;The non-threshold inclusiveness of the belief itself makes it the first choice of the public under the utilitarian purpose.By exerting its function of reversing the imbalance and consoling the soul,Chumaxian satisfies the needs of the people.The need to be continuously satisfied gave birth to a larger faith market,which led to the development of the professional trend in the Chumaxian Dynasty and gradually evolved into a specialized profession.But at the same time,a horse fairy will also bring a certain negative effect,such as excessive "superstition" not only paralyzing people’s minds,but also let some to deceive money for the purpose of a horse fairy opportunity to swindle,collect money.Therefore,we must have a clear mind and a rational understanding to face the preservation of the immortals and the existence and development of the immortals.From the perspective of ethnology,the study of the clergy of the Baojiaxian faith,Chumaxian,and the exploration of the soil of its continuous development,is not only conducive to enriching the research of the Baojiaxian belief and digging into the traditional culture in Northeast China,but also can provide the first-hand information and theoretical basis for the management and construction of local folk belief. |
