The Influence Of Motivation Attribution And Ways Of Help On Interpersonal Gratitude From The Perspective Of Different Relationships Between Giving And Receiving

Interpersonal gratitude is an important cognitive emotion,which is closely related to happiness and prosocial behavior.Interpersonal gratitude not only helps to promote positive changes in individual behavior,but also helps to consolidate and maintain the relationship between donors and recipients.However,phenomena such as "ungrateful for help" and "ingratitude" which are not conducive to interpersonal social harmony are common.What on earth is the reason why the recipients are ungrateful for their help? Previous studies mainly focused on the function of interpersonal gratitude,but ignored the causes of interpersonal gratitude.Situational assessment is the key link to promote interpersonal gratitude,and the motivation of helpers is an important part of situational assessment.In addition,"it is better to teach people to fish than to teach people to fish".It can be seen that since ancient times,people have emphasized the importance of giving appropriate ways of help.Probing into the attribution of the recipient’s motivation and the influence of the helper’s way of help on interpersonal gratitude will help to investigate the causes of interpersonal gratitude,and have certain theoretical and practical significance to explain and improve the phenomenon of "ingratitude".Under the communication logic of "giving and receiving balance" in Chinese acquaintance society,how does the help of different types of giving-receiving relationships(such as acquaintances or strangers,classmates or teachers)affect interpersonal gratitude? This study conducted three studies to deal with these problems,include exploring the influence of motivation attribution,help style and giving-receiving relationship on the interpersonal gratitude of the recipients.In the first study,170 college students were selected as the research objects,and the autobiographical recall method was used to analyze the motivation attribution of the recipients,the type of helping,interpersonal interaction between helpers and recipients,and after receive this kind of help,what the emotion would the recipient be ?the emotions of the recipients.Based on the content analysis of the survey results,it is found that in the event of help,the motivation attribution of the recipient to the helper can be divided into two categories: "autonomous-controlled" and "selfless-selfish" motivation.the ways of help include "autonomous orientation" and "dependence orientation";the giving and receiving relationships are mainly acquaintances and strangers,followed by teachers,and the least relatives and family members.After receiving help,they feel positive emotions,such as gratitude,pleasure,etc.,as well as negative ones,including guilt,guilt and so on.In study 2a prepares for formal experiments by compiling helping situation initiation materials for college students,and evaluating the effectiveness and feasibility of the materials.Through the evaluation of 56 subjects,the result analysis shows that the self-designed helping situation script task can be used as a reliable starting material for the study of 2b experiment.Study 2b explored the influence of motivation attribution,help style and giving-receiving relationship on the interpersonal gratitude of the recipients.A 2×2×2 three-factor mixed experimental design was adopted,and 136 participants were recruited to participate in this experiment,and the independent variables are the attribution of helping motivation(autonomy,control),the way of help(autonomous orientation,dependence orientation),and the relationship of giving and receiving(acquaintances and strangers),in which the attribution and help mode of helping motivation are inter-subject variables.the density of giving-receiving relationship is the internal variable,and the dependent variable is the interpersonal gratitude of the recipient.The experimental results show that helping motivation attribution’s main effect is significant and the giving-receiving relationship’s main effect is significant,the interplay of helping motivation attribution and giving-receiving relationship density,the interaction between helping motivation attribution and help way is not significant,the interaction between help way and giving-receiving relationship density is significant.The triple interaction between the attribution of helping motivation,the way of help and the density of the relationship between giving and receiving is not significant.Study 3 further explores the influence of motivation attribution,help style and giving-receiving relationship on the interpersonal gratitude of the recipients.A 2×2×2 three-factor mixed experimental design was adopted,and 136 participants were recruited to participate in this experiment,but the giving-receiving relationship was "teacher-classmate".Experimental results show that the main effect of helping motivation attribution is significant,the type of help’s main effect is significant,the main effect of type of relationship between helper and recipient is not significant,the interaction between helping motivation attribution and giving-receiving relationship type is significant,the interaction between helping way and giving-receiving relationship type is significant,and the triple interaction between helping motivation attribution,help way and giving-receiving relationship type is significant.But the interaction between helping motivation attribution and help way is not significant,To sum up,the main conclusions of this study are as follows:1.Compared with the controlled motivation of the helper,when the recipient attributes the helper’s motivation to autonomous motivation,it will lead to higher interpersonal gratitude.2.When the helper’s way of helping others is autonomous orientation,the recipient will have more interpersonal gratitude.3.Under the condition that the giving-receiving relationship is "acquaintance-stranger",the recipient is more grateful for the help provided by the acquaintance,but when the giving-receiving relationship is "teacher-classmate",there is no significant difference in the degree of gratitude to the help provided by the teacher or classmate.4.When giving and receiving is the vertical relationship "teacher-classmate",the attribution of helping motivation,the way of helping and the relationship of giving and receiving together have a significant impact on interpersonal gratitude.However,when giving and receiving is a horizontal relationship between "acquaintance-stranger",only the way of help and the relationship of giving and receiving will have an impact on interpersonal gratitude.