The Relationship Of Toulmin’s Argumentation Theory And Reason

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the different forms and characteristics of rationality,clarify the corresponding relations between different types of logic and different forms of reason,grasp the characteristics and contributions of Turmin’s argument theory,and reveal the changes and development directions of the working mode of logic.The introduction explains the relationship between logic and reason and its complexity.Logic provides a criterion for judging whether people’s thoughts and words are reasonable or not.Different logics may form different judgments on whether the same thought or words and deeds are reasonable,and the difference in such judgments is largely due to the different understanding of different logics on reason.“The use of Argument “is the result of his profound thinking on the research method and discipline nature of logic.The field of human intellectual activities involves not only pure theoretical research,but also the field of practice.The book "Return to Reason" makes a more in-depth description of the different forms and characteristics of reason from the perspective of intellectual history.Therefore,it is of great significance to study this issue in depth.The second chapter mainly explains Turmin’s understanding of the two different forms of reason,“rationality” and “reasonableness”,and his understanding of the evolution of reason."Rationality" manifests itself in fields like mathematics,appealing to universal laws and combining formal,universal,timeless,non-situational arguments."reasonableness" is embodied in the field of practice,and tends to study specific situations in substantive,temporal,local and context-dependent argumentation.In ancient Greece and the Renaissance,the relationship between "rationality" and "reasonableness" was always maintained with moderate tension.In the 17 th century,the development of precision science upset the balance,thus promoting rationality and ignoring reasonableness.However,the substantive argument involving natural language more reflects the "reasonableness" part of "rationality".Turmin advocates returning to the humanistic,practical,special,concrete and situational real life,and expects to maintain a relatively balanced state between the two different forms of reason.The third chapter mainly describes the sensitive understanding of ideal logic,the ideal of formal logic is the logic into a math subject,it is the study of analytical arguments,works close to mathematics method,is a statement or proposition to formal of reasoning and calculation of the reentry after,the pursuit of universal inevitability,these characteristics are the concrete embodiment "rationality" of reason form.The fourth chapter mainly describes the figure’s susceptibility to understand as the essence of logical argument,the method and practice disciplines are similar,argument research object is under specific situations,meaningful relationship by the time limit,the stand or fall of evaluating a thesis,combining the actual field criterion for reasons to support your conclusions "reliable" or "not reliable",the way it works is largely derived from the imitation of the works of jurisprudence,and formed the corresponding model,these characteristics are the concrete embodiment "reasonableness" of reason form.The last part is mainly about the rethinking of the relationship between logic and reason.Different logics presuppose different understandings of reasonable.Different logics have different scopes of application,and they also make different judgments on whether people’s thoughts,words and deeds are reason or not."Rationality" and "reasonableness" are two complementary forms of complete reason."Idealized logic" based on "rationality " and "reasonableness" based on substantive logic are also complementary two kinds of logic,which form a pluralistic research pattern together.Study Toursmin argumentation theory and its relationship with reason view,both help to more accurately grasp the figure characteristics of quick argument theory and contribution,can also be in the form of case study more solid foundation to promote discussion about the relation between logic and reason,change in the way to work for logical thinking and development direction.