| In the history of Chinese literature,"Bi-xing" is an aesthetic category characterized by polysemy and historical change.Since the concept of Bi and Xing was put forward in the "Liu Shi" of The Rites of Zhou,its connotation has been interpreted and elucidated in different times.In the pre-Qin period and the Han Dynasty,Bi-xing was a way of reciting poetry to express one’s own views,or to use poetry as a metaphor to append politics.In Wei and Jin dynasties,it was a poetic expression method elucidated by literary theory.In the Tang Dynasty,it developed into the theory of “Feng ya bi xing” in poetry creation,which also laid the foundation for Bi-xing’s role as an important guiding category in ancient Chinese poetry creation.From the pre-Qin period to the Tang Dynasty,we can sort out two lines of interpretation of Bi-xing between Confucian masters and literary theorists(writers).By examining the application of the category of "Bi-xing" in Tang’s poetics,we can find that it either plays its own aesthetic ideal with Bi-xing or promotes the Confucian concept of political and educational poetics by Bi-xing.It seems that we can find out the integration tendency of the two interpretations of Confucian Classics and literature,which are intertwined and influenced each other,so that the concept of Bi-xing in the Tang Dynasty belongs to both Confucian Classics and literature.Based on this,this paper studies the development of the concept of Bi-xing in Tang Dynasty poetics,and tries to cohere the two clues of "Confucian classics" and "literature" to explore the interaction and integration of Confucian classics power and literary power reflected in it.Thus,from a new perspective to explore the theoretical significance of Bi-xing.This paper consists of three parts:The first chapter,the evolution of the concept of "Bi-xing" before Tang Dynasty,Outlines the context of interpretation of "Bi-xing" in the pre-Qin period,Han,Wei and Jin Dynasties.The second chapter,the development of the concept of Bi-xing in Tang Dynasty.Firstly,it discusses the influence of imperial examination system on Confucian classics and literature in Tang Dynasty.The imperial examination produced a kind of poetic and Confucian character of the Tang literati,which greatly influenced their interpretation and application of "Bi-xing".Then this paper discusses the development of Bi-xing in the Tang Dynasty in two periods: In the early and prosperous Tang Dynasty,Confucian scholars represented by Kong Yingda’s interpretation of Bi-xing,as a representative of official ideology,provided a strong academic background for the poets at that time to regain the tradition of poetics and to sweep away the luxurious poetic style of the Six Dynasties.At the same time,the literati represented by Chen Zi-ang called for and practiced the style of "Xing Ji",which freed poetry from the style of Qi and Liang,revived "Bi Xing Ya Dao",and opened up a new path for the development of poetry in Tang Dynasty.The pattern of overlapping and bidirectional action between Bi-xing’s definition of Confucian Classics and literature gradually came into being.In the middle and late Tang Dynasty,due to the decline of Confucian classics,scholars hoped to achieve the possibility of healing Confucian classics by virtue of the retro of poetics.Through the revitalized practice of the New Yuefu and the explanation of confucian traditional preaches advocated by the works as Shi Ge,"Bi-xing" had a more concrete transmission way from Confucian Classics to poetics,and had generated a new poetic significance.Finally,it discusses the application of the category of Bi-xing in the literary creation of Tang Dynasty.Poets and literary theorists in the Tang Dynasty really combined Bi and Xing from the two elements of "Liu Yi" to a new poetics concept,so the literati that time often mentioned Bi and Xing together,and even used "Bi-xing" directly to refer to poetry creation.After the establishment of Fengya Bixing theory,Bi-xing gradually evolved from the expression technique to the political content of poetry.For the works with praise,satire,especially satire on politics,even if they are written in the form of Fu,they are still regarded as the works using "Fengya Bixing".The third chapter discusses the theoretical significance about the evolution of Bi-xing in Tang Dynasty poetics.The development of Bi-xing in the poetics of the Tang Dynasty gradually constructed a new poetics paradigm after the "consciousness literature" of the Wei and Jin Dynasties.With the help of "Bi-xing",the new poetics paradigm takes the retro as the innovation,re-endures the Confucian Classics with literary power through the function of tradition,and radiates the new vitality of interpretation.At the same time,it takes vocabulary as the channel to enhance the discourse power of literature,and integrates with the Confucian Classics to form a new literary order which can exist steadily and develop continuously.That’s exactly the theoretical significance of it. |
