The Study Of Guyau’s Moral Independent Of Obligation Or Sanction

Moral variability is the main characteristic of the era of moral relativism,and the most urgent ethical theme turns to the existence and development of life itself.Guyau is the forerunner of modern French bioethics.He attempts to redefine the concept of obligation and sanctions in the morality in his book A Sketch of Morality Independent of Obligation or Sanction.This concept inherits the life nature of naturalism,absorbs the biological characteristics of social evolution and adheres to mild irrationalism.In the above philosophical stand,he clears the transcendental assumptions and the corresponding moral types in the traditional dogmatism morality,and lays a theoretical foundation for the establishment of scientific moral philosophy.To construct the vital ethics with the expansion of life as the core and the principle of moral reproduction.The view of morality independent of obligation or sanction is understood in the vital ethics.It relies on the life state under the concept of "biological man" and regards the subject of life as the core of knowledge.This paper analyzes the epistemological context of conceptual representation,essential connotation,and transcendental characteristics to uncover the basic belief of life in morality.First of all,the moral reproduction with abundant life flow produces the conceptual representation of the concept of morality independent of obligation and sanctions: the internal obligation in the moral motivation and the external sanction under the moral maintenance.Secondly,the essential connotation of the concept of obligation and sanctions outside life to point the unconscious instinctive impulse in life is the root of human moral behavior.This instinctive sociality points to altruism and realizes the unity of humanity and virtue in the movement of life.The inherent natural expansion tendency of life is the primary motive force of action,and life makes great efforts defuse the gap between the fact of life and the value of life.Finally,the moral theory of life ontology transcends the concept of metaphysical obligation sanction and human moral subject,and aims to return to the moral origin of life subject.The view of independent of obligation and sanctions in the origin of life practices humanism.From the angle of dialectical unity of life instinct and human consciousness,the philosophy of life morality of Guyau builds self-discipline morality with the subject of life in order to maintain the natural order under the the vital ethics.The rule of nature embodies the humanistic principle that adheres the creative vitality of the potential of life,the moral bottom line of the fear of life,and the moderate reconciliation between egoism and altruism.The view of morality independent of obligation and sanction constructs scientific moral philosophy.It promotes the active role of moral subject in practice and points out the direction for the development of multidimensional humanism.