The Influence Of Layout And Spatial Perspective On The Choosing And Understanding Of Spatial Reference

Frame of reference is the key information of spatial language and show us how people construct spatial mental model based on the layout.In a collaborative spatial task,whether the speakers can construct a reasonable frame of reference in the spatial representation and whether the listener can efficiently understand the frame of reference is directly related to the success of the task.Feature of the layout and the spatial perspective people adopted influence how people chose and understand frame of reference.Feature of the layout like symmetry axis and landmark directly influence how people chose and understand frame of reference.And spatial perspective will influence how people perceive feature of the layout.Our study aims to explore how people use the layout information to choose and understand the frame of reference,and mainly examine whether the feature of the layout and the spatial perspective affect the choosing and understanding of the frame of reference.Our study consists of three studies including five experiments.Generally,in study1 we collect and summarize the spatial language reference that people use spontaneously,in study 2 we examine the comprehension efficiency of the obtained language reference frames,and in study 3 we attempt to improve the comprehension efficiency of the language reference frames based on previous research results.Study 1was designed to collect and generalize the frame of reference people used and try to explore how perspective and layout influence people chose frame of reference.In Experiment 1,we investigate the influence of perspective and regularity of layout to the frame of reference.In Experiment 2,we investigate the influence of perspective and axial of layout to the frame of reference.Study 2 aims to check the understanding efficiency of the frame of reference people used and explore the influence of layout and perspective to understand the frame of reference.In Experiment 3,we investigate the influence of perspective and regularity of layout to understand the frame of reference.In Experiment 4,we investigate the influence of perspective and axial of layout to understand the frame of reference.In study 3(Experiment 5),based on the result of study1 and study2 and previous research,we summarize the receiver’s behavioral in understanding the frame of reference,and try to improve the frame of reference easier to be understood.In Experiment 5,we explore if the improved frame of references are easier to be understood.Our study found:(1)Other-relative,other-layout,self-relative,and self-layout are the most commonly used reference frames when people try to describe the location of target in a layout.(2)Speakers tend to use a partner-centered(other-centered)reference and maintain the same frame of reference during the whole collaborative task for the listener to understand.(3)Reasonable reference frames are beneficial for listener to understand.Under various perspective and spatial conditions,the other-relative and self-relative frame of reference are the relatively optimal frame of references.(4)The spatial perspective affects the efficiency of the understanding of the frame of reference.In first-person perspective,frame of refences play an important role to the efficiency of understanding.However,we did not find the same effect in the overlook perspective.(5)There is a certain correspondence between the spatial perspective and the frame of reference.The frame of reference that includes the layout axis is more efficient in the overlook perspective,and the frame of reference that includes the relative position relationship is more efficient in the first-person perspective.(6)We can improve the efficiency of understanding the spatial description by using a designed frame of reference according to the feature of the layout.In summary,this study explores the behavior of individuals in the spatial communication between different perspectives and scenes when constructing and understanding the reference system of speech.In spatial expression,individuals tend to construct frames from the perspective of others and do not change them easily,while other people’s center-relative expressions are the most commonly used verbal reference systems.In understanding spatial expression,the first-person perspective is beneficial for individuals to understand the frame of reference that contains relative expressions,and the perspective of bird-eye is beneficial for individuals to understand the frame of reference that contains scene expression.At the same time,adding scene features such as "axis" and "landmark" to the verbal reference system allows the recipient to understand the frame of reference more efficiently.This research system discusses the behavior of individuals in the process of spatial communication,and the results provide some reference significance for the future spatial communication research between man and intelligent robot.