| With the rapid development of China’s economy in the new era,great changes have taken place in rural areas.Homestead is not only a core issue to analyze the protection of farmers’ rights and interests,but also an important issue related to rural revitalization.At this stage,with the rapid development of urbanization,a large number of farmers moved into the cities to be citizens,and the urbanization rate has increased significantly,leading the number of rural idle homestead increasing.The state attaches great importance to how to revitalize the idle house base.In 2018,Shandong Province issued the implementation opinions on promoting rural revitalization through the pilot project of "Three Rights Separation" of rural homestead,which stipulated the ownership,qualification right and use right of homestead clearly,and provided corresponding guidance for the transfer,usage and withdrawal mode of homestead.At present,there are few researches on the protection of farmers’ rights and interests in the process of rural homestead separation of three rights,most of which are about the protection of farmers’ economic rights and interests after rural homestead withdrawal.The pilot work of the separation of ownership of homesteads in Wenshang County,Shandong Province was studied,and the protection of farmers’ rights in the separation of ownership of homes was analyzed deeply.Firstly,"four models" was established in the process of the three-rights separation of rural idle homesteads in Wenshang County,Shandong Province.The first one was the increase-decrease linkage type(Liugudun Village and Quanhe Village,Yangdian Town),and the second one was the retiring type(Panglou Village,Baishi Town),the third one was the shareholding type of homestead use rights(some villages in Yuanzhuang Town),and the industry-driven type(Gucheng Village,Guolou Town)was the fourth model,which was from a survey of 300 farmers according to a certain population ratio.Secondly,DPS software was used to establish an indicator system to analyze the rights and interests of farmers in pilot villages.The evaluation weight of homestead index and the change of fuzzy index before and after the three-weight separation were calculated.Finally,SPSS software and DPS software were used to analyze the realization of the five major rights and interests one by one,reflecting the protection of farmers’ rights and interests from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives respectively.The main research contents and results were as follows:(1)The satisfaction degree of farmers involved in the protection of rights and interests was counted:The farmers in the pilot villages were satisfied with the protection of farmers’ rights and interests in the process of the three-rights separation of homesteads.The percentage satisfaction of farmers’ rights and interests had reached more than 70%.(2)The changes in the protection level of farmers’ rights and interests under the four modes of the separation of the three rights on homestead land were compared: the level of protection of farmers’ rights and interests in the four working modes of separation of rights for homesteads was increasing,and the fuzzy index after the separation of rights for homesteads was increased from 0.45 to 0.65,which indicated that farmers’ rights were protected.(3)The items of membership degree decline under four working modes were determined: increase and decrease of the super occupation exit compensation(X22),air quality(X43),neighborhood relationship(X51),per capita living area(X53)in the traction type(Liugudun Village and Quanhe Village,Yangdian Town),the super occupation exit compensation(X22),continuing education and skill training(X33)in the revitalization type(Panglou Village,Baishi Town)Per capita living area(X53),Participation(X12),willingness expression(X13),supervision authority(X14),per capita living area(X53)in the type of homestead ownership(some villages in Yuanzhuang Town),and public security situation(X54)in the type of industrial pull(Gucheng Village,Guolou Town).(4)The influences of gender,age,educational level,economic income,and family population on the satisfaction of the five major rights and interests of politics,economy,culture,society and ecology were determined: gender factors mainly affected the satisfaction of political rights and social rights;age factor had an impact on satisfaction with political rights,economic rights and social rights;educational level had an impact on satisfaction with political rights and economic rights;economic income had an impact on satisfaction with political rights,ecological rights and cultural rights;the number of households had an impact on satisfaction with economic rights and social rights.(5)Specific measures for the protection of farmers’ rights and interests were proposed in this study,which were consideration of the aspects of law,the activation mechanism of idle homesteads,respect for farmers’ wishes and the establishment of a comprehensive rural social security system.In the context of the separation of the three rights of rural homesteads,The effects of farmers’ rights protection and different types of people’ s satisfaction with the protection of rights and interests during the implementation of this policy were analyzed in this article.The research explored the shortcomings of this work in depth,providing practical reference for the large-scale promotion of this policy and could be a reference for similar research. |
