Research On Food Fraud Vulnerability Assessment Technology Based On Whole Industry Chain

Food fraud is a type of product fraud,refers to imitation and deception,mostly for economic purposes.It is the focus and difficulty of current food safety supervision in the world,which has an adverse effect on economic and consumer confidence,even has health risks and religious disputes.At present,the construction of detection technologies,standards,laws,regulations and traceability systems related to food fraud in China is still incomplete.Reference to the "vulnerability" and "prevention" strategies of national society and the advanced experience of foreign countries and organizations in food fraud management,food fraud vulnerability assessment system for food industry in China was established combined with food fraud incidents and the characteristics of food industry in China.The system was applied in Wuchang rice and camellia oil industry.The main contents and results were as follows:(1)Collected food fraud incidents in China from 2000 to 2019 using reptile technology,then analyze the types of food,the areas and links where the fraud occurred,the types of fraud,the links where,the illegal organizations,etc.Since 2009,the number of reports of food fraud incidents has increased significantly.Among them,most food fraud reports were related to edible oil,bee products,meat and meat products,rice,etc.,which were mostly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas.The types of fraud were mainly substitution,false propaganda,deceptive and misleading descriptions,and additions.Food fraud mainly occurred in the processing,packaging,and sales links.The organizations involved in food fraud were mainly enterprises,unlicensed black dens and vendors,and self-employed households.The fraud incidents were discovered due to routine supervision by the regulatory authorities,media disclosure,etc.(2)Based on comprehensive foreign advanced experience and the characteristics of fraud incidents in China’s food industry,a food fraud vulnerability assessment system suitable for China’s industrial situation was proposed.The system mainly included two parts.One was the evaluation of the fraud factors affecting food fraud.Industrial fraud vulnerability could be obtained by evaluating the weight and the vulnerability status of fraud indicators.The other was the impact of food fraud incidents,including health and economic impact.Combined evaluation of fraud factors with influence of incidents,the fraud vulnerability of food industry could be characterized.(3)Applied the food fraud vulnerability assessment system in Wuchang rice and camellia oil industry,which had frequent fraud incidents in recent years,and had great impacts on public consumption confidence.According to the evaluation results,the fraud factors of both industries showed high vulnerability.In Wuchang rice industry,the universality and accuracy of the supply chain tracking and tracing system,the completeness of national policies and laws,the special value of Wuchang rice,and the specificity of adulteration detection system of the company were more vulnerable.In camellia oil industry,stability of supply and pricing,industry competition,price gap,special value of camellia oil and the detection of adulteration were more vulnerable.Besides,Wuhan rice fraud incidents had low health impact and high economic impact,camellia oil fraud incidents had medium health impact and medium economic impact.Then,it could be judged that both industries were highly vulnerable to fraud,and it was strongly recommended to implement new control measures based on the results of the assessment of fraud factors to reduce vulnerability.(4)Adulteration detection,standards,laws and regulations related to food fraud,and traceability systems were important to reduce fraud vulnerability.Production and business participants,government regulatory agencies,industry organizations and the third-party organizations needed to take corresponding responsibilities.Food fraud incidents could be controlled in following ways: combining multiple detection technologies or indicators with appropriate chemo metrics and modeling methods,the accuracy of adulteration detection could be improved;the standard should highlight the uniqueness of Wuchang rice and camellia oil,and more evaluable and quantifiable indicators were needed rather than vague terms;formulating laws and regulations on food fraud,improving whistler and recall systems and increasing supervision to increase legal deterrence and costs of violations;developing Wuchang rice and camellia oil traceability systems with enterprises as main body for construction and implementation,government,industry organizations,and third parties were responsible for supervision and assistance to ensure that the traceability system covered the entire industrial chains,and the data was authentic and reliable.