| Research purpose: Based on 2019 single Olympic high level reserve talented person base of track and field in short cross squat jump jump long jump athletes training camp,the depth of different heights to jump jump test,combined with the athlete’s achievements in base championship,from the gender,age,activity level three dimensions were discussed,according to the power characteristics of athletes at the time of complete set,the comparative analysis of different sex,the differences between different level of long jump athletes,China’s track and field item reserve talented person base juvenile long jump athletes lower limbs explosive characteristics.Research methods: The research mainly adopts the methods of literature,testing and mathematical statistics.Among them,the test objects of the test method were 32 juvenile long-jump athletes aged 14-17 who participated in the training camp of China’s track and field individual reserve talent base,and the test content was the counter movement jump and drop jump test of Kistler 3d force measuring platform.Research results:(1)This paper analyzes the groups of the junior long jumpers who participate in the individual reserve talent base championships.In the age group,there was no significant difference between athletes aged 14-15 years and athletes aged 16-17years(P > 0.05).According to the sports results,there was a significant difference between the special results of the elite group and the ordinary group(P < 0.05).(2)In the counter movement jump test of male and female junior long jumpers,the peak power(standardized)was significantly positively correlated with the long jump performance,and the correlation coefficient was 0.465(P < 0.01)and 0.630(P< 0.01),respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between the flying time and the long jump performance,and the correlation coefficients were 0.580(P <0.05)and 0.848(P < 0.01),respectively.There were significant differences in peak power and flying time between the male and female elite group and the ordinary group(P < 0.05).(3)In the drop jump test of the legs,dominant legs and non-dominant legs at the height of 30 cm,45cm and 60 cm,the index with the highest correlation with the long jump performance was the reaction force index,followed by the time of jump,time of flight,maximum power value and impulse.Among them,the response force index of jump depth showed a very significant positive correlation.There was a significant negative correlation between the time of stepping and jumping.There was a significant positive correlation between vacating time and special achievement.In different forms and different heights,there is a great difference between elite and ordinary athletes.(4)The difference between the dominant leg and the non-dominant leg in the elite group was larger than that in the ordinary group.Among them,when the athletes in the male elite group jumped 60 cm with one leg,there were significant differences in the time and reaction strength index of the two legs(P < 0.05).There was a significant difference in the reaction strength index between the legs when the female athletes jumped at 30 cm with one leg(P < 0.05).Research conclusions:(1)There is a certain difference in the characteristics of explosive power of lower limbs between young long jumpers and adult athletes.The differences among athletes at different sports levels can be well reflected by the time in the air,peak power(standardized),reaction strength index and jumping time.Maximum power and impulse do not reflect the differences between different athletes.Jumping time,peak power(standardized),jumping time and reaction force index can be used to evaluate the explosive power of lower limbs of young long jumpers.(2)In the counter movement jump test,the athletes with a higher level of exercise had a longer time in the air and better ability to jump in place.The peak power(standardization)is larger,more work can be done in the process of completing the action,and more explosive power can be generated.(3)In the drop jump tests,as the height of the drop jump increases,athletes jumping deep time increase,jumping hang time shortened,and the reaction strength index decreases,but the extent of change as a good group of players is less than the normal group of athletes,sports with higher levels of athletes can be overcome in a shorter time stretching resistance jump,and obtain more long hang time.(4)When dominant leg and non-dominant leg jump in single leg,the variation of each index is larger than that of double leg jump.There is a difference in explosive power between the dominant leg and the non-dominant leg in the young long jump athletes.The explosive force of the dominant leg and the quality of the test movements are better than that of the non-dominant leg,and the difference between the dominant leg and the non-dominant leg in the athletes with high sports level is greater than that of the athletes with low sports level.Advice:(1)Various jumping exercises can be used to develop the explosive power of lower limbs of juvenile athletes.Before the exercise,coaches should consider the age,gender,movement level and growth of athletes.(2)In the selection of long jump events,the athlete’s lower limb explosive force can be evaluated through the completion of the speed and effect of the jump exercise.The shorter the time to complete the jump and the longer the duration of the jump,the better the athlete’s lower limb explosive power.(3)With the increase of training years and training level,coaches should pay attention to the balanced development of dominant and non-dominant legs.(4)It is suggested that the following researchers expand the sample size of elite group athletes,and increase the sports quality test,physiological and biochemical indicators,and emg for research. |
