| In America,campus recreational sports has developed for more than a century,which has greatly helped students to improve their physical and mental health,and personal abilities.With the rapid development of economy and society,leisure time has been increasing,recreational sports has gradually become an important activity for Chinese university students.With research techniques of observation,survey and statistical methods,this dissertation takes Beijing Sport University and Springfield College as examples,to study the campus recreational sports use patterns of both students from a socio-ecological perspective.The recreational sports motivations and recreational sports constraints are analyzed from the four layers of intrapersonal,interpersonal,environment,and policy,and the use patterns of both students are compared,which may provide scientific evidences for the development of campus recreational sports and the construction of campus sports culture.The research results of this dissertation show that:(1)Regarding the use patterns,both students show great enthusiasms,but there are significant differences in the frequency of participation,programs and facilities.The frequency of American students’ participation is generally higher than that of Chinese students.Among them,the number of students who exercise regularly is higher than that of China.Springfield College has more different types of activities while sports organizations in Beijing Sport University have better development and more programs.Beijing Sport University has a large number of facilities,some of which are free while some should be paid for the entrance.Springfield College has a small number of facilities which should be paid for the entrance.The facilities have a higher rate of utilization and good maintenance,which are open more often.(2)The main motivations of both students are intrapersonal motivations,that is to exercise,then interpersonal motivations.The top five determinants of both are “to get exercise”“To keep physically fit”“To help keep you in shape physically”“To add some variety to your daily routine”“To be with friends”.However,American students have higher average values than Chinese students in terms of intrapersonal motivations and interpersonal motivations.(3)The average values of interpersonal constraints of both students are basically the same.Intrapersonal constraints are the main determinants of Chinese students,then environmental constraints and interpersonal constraints.Interpersonal constraints are the main determinants of American students,then intrapersonal constraints and environmental constraints.(4)Both universities are consistent with their goals,concepts and laws,by providing campus recreational sports to improve students’ health,promoting the idea of equal emphasis on moral,intellectual and physical abilities,guaranteeing their rights through laws.However,they show different characteristics on the development level,operation and other aspects.America has reached a higher level,campus recreational sports in China belongs to the category of government which takes the dominance while associations play a main role in the development of American campus recreational sports.Socio-ecological theory focuses on the nature that each layer is independent while having correlations.They mutually influence people’s recreational sports participation behaviors,which function as a guidance and intervention. |
