An Analysis On The Dilemma In Community Participation Of Urban Elderly :Based On The Social Goals Model

In recent years,various regions of China have paid more and more attention to the construction of communities.A harmonious community is an important premise and foundation for building a modern society.With the improvement of living standards and the gradual extension of life expectancy per capita,most elderly people have entered a state of retirement without rest,becoming a potential main force for community construction.Promoting the participation of the elderly in community construction will not only help the elderly to exert their personal ability and gain meaningful elderly life,but also help solve the problem of aging society and maintain social stability and unity.This study used interviews and questionnaires to conduct an in-depth survey of 52 elderly people in 5 communities and 4 community nursing homes in Wuhan.According to the interview data and questionnaire data,the author understood the current situation of community participation of the elderly in urban communities and analyzed their characteristics.They had the characteristics of attaching importance to physical health,loneliness,good living conditions without worries,weak interpersonal networks,and learning health.In addition,they also had community participation needs for learning healthy knowledge,participation in leisure activities,and self-actualization.Then the author selected the elderly in the Z community in Wuhan as the service target,and analyzed community participation dilemma and influencing factors of the elderly in Z community.The elderly’s problems included low community participation awareness,poor physical condition that leaded to community participation prejudice,and heavy burden of housework affected community participation.Community problems included that inaccurate allocation of pension resources,lack of professionals,and administrative management.The social goals model has three levels,namely,enhancing social awareness and potential,developing social capabilities,and promoting social change.This study took the social goals model as the theoretical reference,then designed and implemented social work professional services according to the characteristics and needs of urban elderly.The first step is to inspire the motivation of community participation,the author provided one-on-one visit services to the elderly in the community to understand their community participation needs,and help them clarify the significance of community participation.The second step is to enhance community participation awareness and ability,the author set up community participation groups to tap the participation potential,develop communication skills,and cultivate group leaders of team members.The third step is to promote community participation behavior,the author enriched the content of community participation,focused on giving play to the advantages of the elderly,and encouraged them to assume the responsibility of community participation and enhanced the initiative of community participation.Research had shown that social work professional services that based on the characteristics of service targets and paid attention to psychological needs could help the urban elderly to attach importance to their own participation needs,participate more actively in community activities and affairs,and effectively improve the dilemma of community participation.