| Objective: High-intensity intermittent exercise(HIIE)has an improvement effect on executive function and can be delayed for a while after exercise,but the findings of the time-course effect of HIIE on executive function are inconsistent,and this may be related to the mode of high-intensity intermittent exercise intervention,the duration of high-intensity intermittent exercise intervention,and the physical condition of the subjects.It was found that there is a correlation between the level of cardiorespiratory fitness and the level of executive function and that cardiorespiratory fitness can modulate the effects of acute exercise on executive function.Therefore,this study will investigate the time-course effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise on the effects of executive function in young people with high and low cardiorespiratory fitness in combination with the fNIRS technique.Methods: Eighty young adults aged 18-22 years were selected for the study,and a mixed experimental design of 2(high-intensity intermittent exercise intervention: yes,no)× 2(cardiorespiratory fitness level: high,low)× 5(administration time:pre-experimental,immediate post-exercise,half-hour post-exercise,one-hour post-exercise,twenty-four hours post-exercise)was used.Dependent variables: correct rate and reaction time indicators,change in oxyhemoglobin concentration values,independent variables: presence or absence of exercise intervention,cardiorespiratory fitness level,and administration time.The presence or absence of exercise intervention and cardiorespiratory fitness level were between-group variables,and the time of administration was a within-group variable.Subjects were tested on executive function tasks before the experiment,immediately after exercise,half an hour after exercise,one hour after exercise,and twenty-four hours after exercise,and hemodynamic changes in the brain were measured simultaneously using the fNIRS device to synthesize the temporal effects of HIIE on executive function in young people with high and low cardiorespiratory fitness at both behavioral and neurological levels.Results:(1)In terms of correctness,the functional inhibition task showed a significant main effect of the motor intervention(F=49.01,p<0.01),which was significantly higher in the HIIE group than in the resting group;the refreshment functional task showed a significant main effect of the motor intervention(F=5.284,p<0.05),which was significantly higher in the HIIE group than in the resting group,and a significant main effect of cardiorespiratory function(F=12.36,p<0.05),and the correct rate was significantly higher in the high cardio group than in the low cardio group;the conversion function task showed a significant main effect of the motor intervention(F=17.93,p<0.01),and the correct rate was significantly higher in the HIIE group than in the resting group.(2)In terms of reaction time,the inhibitory function task showed a significant main effect of exercise intervention(F=51.17,p<0.01),a significantly lower reaction time in the HIIE group than in the resting group,a significant main effect of cardiorespiratory function(F=63.36,p<0.01),a significantly lower reaction time in the high cardiorespiratory group than in the low cardiorespiratory group,and a significant interaction effect of exercise intervention x cardiorespiratory function(F=4.71,p<0.05),the reaction time in the high and low cardiorespiratory groups was significantly lower than that in the resting group after the HIIE intervention,and the administration time ×exercise intervention(F=8.73,p<0.05),and the reaction time in the high-intensity intermittent exercise intervention group was significantly lower than that before exercise immediately after exercise,half an hour after exercise,one hour after exercise,and twenty-four hours after exercise,and the administration time × exercise intervention× cardiorespiratory function interaction effect was significant(F= 6.13,p<0.05),the reaction time in the high cardio group was significantly lower immediately after exercise and half an hour after exercise than before exercise after the HIIE intervention,and the reaction time in the low cardio group was significantly lower immediately after exercise,half an hour after exercise,one hour after exercise,and twenty-four hours after exercise than before exercise after the HIIE intervention;the refreshment function task showed a significant main effect of exercise intervention(F= 145.91,p<0.05),a significantly lower reaction time in the HIIE group than in the resting group,a significant cardiorespiratory main effect(F=35.40,p<0.05),a significantly lower reaction time in the high cardiorespiratory group than in the low cardiorespiratory group,and a significant administration time × exercise intervention interaction effect(F=20.30,p<0.05),with the HIIE group having significantly lower reaction times immediately after exercise,half an hour,one hour after exercise,and Twenty-four hours after exercise were significantly lower than before exercise;the conversion energy task showed a significant exercise intervention main effect(F=32.29,p<0.01,)a significantly lower reaction time in the HIIE group than in the resting group,a significant cardiorespiratory main effect(F=5.38,p<0.01),a significantly lower reaction time in the high cardiorespiratory group than in the low cardiorespiratory group,and a significant exercise intervention × cardiorespiratory interaction effect(F= 6.07,p<0.05),the reaction time was significantly lower in the high and low cardiorespiratory young adults than in the resting group after the HIIE intervention,the administration time × exercise intervention interaction effect was significant(F=11.34,p<0.01),and the reaction time was significantly lower in the HIIE group immediately after exercise,half an hour after exercise,one hour after exercise,and twenty-four hours after exercise than before exercise.(3)In the fNIRS results,the inhibitory function task showed a significant main effect of exercise intervention in ch7(F=7.37,p<0.05),a significantly higher activation level in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex than in the resting group in the HIIE group,a significant main effect of cardiorespiratory function in ch1(F=5.67,p<0.05),a significantly higher activation level in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the high cardiorespiratory group The main effect of time of administration was significant in ch10(F=2.93,p<0.05),and the activation level in the frontopolar area showed an increasing trend with the time course;the refreshing function task showed a significant main effect of exercise intervention in ch22(F=4.40,p<0.05),and the activation level in the ventral lateral prefrontal cortex was higher in the HIIE group than in the resting group,and in ch5 The main effect of cardiorespiratory function was significant(F=4.70,p<0.05),the activation level in the frontopolar region was significantly higher in the high cardiorespiratory group than in the low cardiorespiratory group,the exercise intervention × cardiorespiratory function interaction effect was significant in ch22(F=4.39,p<0.05),the activation level in the ventral lateral prefrontal cortex was higher in the high cardiorespiratory group than in the resting group after the HIIE intervention;the conversion function task was demonstrated in ch7,ch14,ch15,ch16,ch17,ch20,and ch22 in the exercise intervention main effect was significant(p<0.05),the HIIE group had significantly higher activation levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,ventral lateral prefrontal cortex,and frontopolar area than the resting group,and the cardiorespiratory main effect was significant in ch14(F=6.40,p<0.01),the high cardiorespiratory group had significantly higher activation levels in the frontal polar region activation levels were significantly higher than those in the low cardiorespiratory group.Conclusions:(1)High-intensity intermittent exercise can effectively improve executive function in young people.(2)The executive function of young people with high cardiorespiratory fitness was better than that of young people with low cardiorespiratory fitness.(3)High-intensity interval exercise can improve the executive function of young people with high and low cardiorespiratory function,among which the improvement effect on inhibitory control function is the best.The improvement effect of high-intensity interval exercise on the inhibitory function of young people with high cardiorespiratory function can last until half an hour after exercise,and the improvement effect on the inhibitory function of young people with low cardiorespiratory function can last until twenty-four hours after exercise;The improvement effect of high-intensity interval exercise on the high and low cardiorespiratory,high-intensity intermittent exercise has an improvement effect on the memory refreshment and conversion functions of young people with high and low cardiorespiratory fitness. |
PDF Full Text Request