Study On The Effect Of China’s Outward Direct Investment On "Belt And Road" Countries’ Employment ——Based On Industry Differences

As an important practical platform for China to promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind,the Belt and Road Initiative has attracted worldwide attention since it was proposed.At the same time,however,there are also some negative views,arguing that China proposed this initiative for other purposes,and doubting the effectiveness of the construction of the "Belt and Road"initiative.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to respond to doubts and eliminate misunderstandings,maintain China’s good image as a major country.Taking industrial differences as an entry point,this paper studies the employment effects of Chinese companies’ direct investment in countries along the“Belt and Road”based on panel data of countries along the Belt and Road from 2011 to 2020First of all,my paper has reviewed and sorted out the relevant theoretical research on the employment effect of foreign direct investment,and found that when some scholars studied the "One Belt,One Road" host country effect,they only systematically analyzed the employment effect as a part of the economic effect,or used it as an intermediary variable to explain the path of economic effect.They did not conduct a subdivision study,and there is still a lot of room for research in this related field.Secondly,this paper clarifies the relevant theoretical mechanisms of employment effects,and sorts out the he current situation of China’s foreign direct investment and the employment of countries along the Belt and Road.On this basis,this paper proposes a hypothesis that China’s direct investment has had a positive impact on employment in these countries.Then,by establishing a regression model,this paper takes the overall unemployment rate and the employment proportion of the three industries as explained variables to conduct empirical analysis to explore the impact on employment quantity and employment structure.In addition,this paper also divides the host countries based on the level of economic development,and further explores the performance of employment effects in countries with different levels of development.Finally,this paper puts forward several policy recommendations based on the analysis results.Through analysis,this paper argues that,from an overall perspective,China’s direct investment in countries along the "Belt and Road" has significantly reduced the unemployment rate of host countries;from a structural perspective,it has attracted more labor into the manufacturing and service industries,and the employment structure of these countries has been optimized accordingly.In addition,when considering the level of national economic development,the above effects are heterogeneous among different countries,and the employment creation effect and structural optimization effect are most prominent in transition economies.