Research On The Relationship Between Tea Drinking Style And Tea Utensils Among Literati In Song Dynasty

The development of Chinese tea culture reached the second peak in the Song Dynasty,and "Chai mi you salt sauce vinegar tea" became the seven things that people in the Song Dynasty opened their doors to.The change of tea drinking methods in Song Dynasty also brought about the innovation of tea sets,which changed the gorgeous and plump style of Tang Dynasty,showing a fresh and elegant artistic style.Tea sets in Song Dynasty and Tang Dynasty have different modeling and decoration characteristics,which is closely related to the influence of literati culture in Song Dynasty.The literati in Song Dynasty were the planners of political and economic development,the makers of craft laws,the participants,holders and critics of goods design.At the same time,as the main body of tea drinking and tea tasting,they were also the users of tea sets.They led the trend of Ideological and cultural development in Song Dynasty,and also led the development direction of tea sets in Song Dynasty.First of all,the Song Dynasty used tea powder,the main form of tea is group tea and grass tea,grinding into powder,point tea fried drink.The main way of drinking tea was to order tea,and there was also the popular method of frying tea in Tang Dynasty;Secondly,combined with tea books,tea words,tea paintings and unearthed tea sets,the characteristics of tea sets in Song Dynasty are analyzed;Its overall shape presents the shape of "thin high definition show";There are various decorative methods,such as carving,drawing,printing,crystal glaze and gold depiction.The patterns are mostly landscape flowers and birds,wood leaves,rabbit hair,partridge spot,hawksbill shell,etc;Thirdly,from the middle of Tang Dynasty,tea ordering had a great development.Tea sets in Tang Dynasty are made of porcelain,metal and glass.In Song Dynasty,porcelain was the most common tea set,followed by metal,and lacquer tea set appeared in Song Dynasty;Second,the Tang Dynasty tea set is full and round in shape,and the shape of utensils is large.In the Song Dynasty,tea sets were small and delicate,mostly thin and high,and the shape of utensils was small;Thirdly,tea sets in the Tang Dynasty were decorated with painting,carving and drawing,with lotus patterns,flowers and birds.In the Song Dynasty,there were various decorative techniques,such as four gentlemen,flowers,birds and landscapes;Finally,based on the differences in the characteristics of tea sets in Tang and Song Dynasties,the literati in Song Dynasty,as a major body of tea drinking,had a great influence on tea sets in Song Dynasty.Firstly,the literati in Song Dynasty took part in the tea fight,which greatly developed the shape and material of tea sets;Secondly,the literati of Song Dynasty pursued elegant utensils,whose plain and simple literary view endowed the tea set with "elegant" artistic character;Thirdly,the literati of Song Dynasty integrated the Confucian idea of worshiping jade into the tea set,so that the idea of "gentleman is more virtuous than jade" was embodied in the glaze of tea set;Fourthly,the developed literati paintings in Song Dynasty provided materials for the decorative patterns of tea sets.First,the lotus pattern was used in Tang Dynasty,and the patterns of mountains and rivers,flowers and birds,and baby play were integrated into the decoration of tea sets in Song Dynasty;Fifthly,the collection of utensils by literati also played a guiding role in the production of tea sets in Song Dynasty.In addition,the prosperity of social economy such as commodity economy in Song Dynasty and the southward shift of economic center in the late Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty affected the development of tea sets;The social system,such as the innovation of imperial examination system,the regulation of utensils "system" and the craftsman system,which made tea sets in Song Dynasty look new;The development of technology,such as the improvement of kiln and firing technology,the improvement of glaze,the improvement of porcelain decoration technology and the maturity of gold and silver ware technology,laid the foundation for the development of glaze color,modeling and decoration of tea sets in Song Dynasty;Taoism and Buddhism were the main religions.With the popularity of Buddhism in Song Dynasty,lotus pattern and rolled grass pattern continued to be the themes of tea decoration.The popularity of Taoism influenced the decorative style of tea set,presenting its natural beauty.