A Study On The Spatiotemporal Evolution And Influencing Factors Of Urbanization Level In The Yellow River Basin

Urbanization is accompanied by industrialization,information technology and agricultural modernization process,population,land,resources,industry and other elements in the regional restructuring,to solve the "three rural" problems,promote regional coordinated development,realize modernization has great significance,is a hot topic of many scholars.The Yellow River Basin across the three steps of East,middle and West,has a very important position in China’s economic and social development and ecological security,and is also an extremely acute contradiction between people and land.In the process of development,it is facing a series of development difficulties closely related to Urbanization: deterioration of ecological environment,imbalance of resource distribution in time and space,lag of industrial transformation and so on.The study of urbanization in the Yellow River Basin is of great significance to narrow the regional differences and promote the coordinated development of urbanization in the Yellow River Basin.Firstly,this thesis quantitatively analyzes the characteristics of urbanization development in the Yellow River Basin from four aspects: population,land,urban scale and urban function;Using a variety of methods to measure regional differences,this thesis compares the development differences of urbanization level among the Yellow River Basin,the whole country and the Yangtze River Basin from multiple scales.With the help of Arc GIS,Geo Da software,trend surface,standard deviation ellipse and spatial autocorrelation,this thesis studies the spatial differentiation pattern and evolution characteristics of urbanization level in the Yellow River Basin;Finally,the driving factors of urbanization level in the Yellow River Basin are preliminarily explored by using grey correlation degree and geographically weighted regression model.The results show that:(1)The Yellow River Basin is characterized by "off-site urbanization" and "shrinking city".The population growth rate of registered residence in the Yellow River basin is faster than that of the permanent population.The population loss is overall,but the intensity of population loss decreases.The population collapse in the central Loess Plateau and the eastern North China Plain is obvious.The urbanization level of population has been steadily improved,with half of the cities exceeding 50%.The high value areas of urbanization level are mainly provincial capital cities and cities with good resource endowment.The urbanization of land is faster than that of population,and the decentralization of "small city,big city" is prominent.The scale and structure of cities and towns are reasonable,and the leading role of central cities is enhanced.There are great differences in the functions of cities.The characteristic functions of central cities are not prominent and the level is not high.(2)The urbanization level of the Yellow River Basin is lower than that of the whole country and the Yangtze River Basin,but the average annual growth rate is higher than that of the whole country and the Yangtze River Basin.The urbanization level of most provinces in the Yellow River Basin is lower than the national average level,but the growth rate is faster.The absolute difference and relative difference of the urbanization level in the Yellow River Basin are shrinking.The regional difference is the main source of the difference of the urbanization level in the Yellow River Basin,but the contribution of the interval difference is rising.(3)The spatial differentiation pattern of urbanization level in the Yellow River Basin maintains the characteristics of "high in the East,low in the west,high in the north and low in the South".Urbanization has evolved from northwest southeast pattern to northeast southwest pattern,with the center of gravity moving to the southwest.The spatial correlation of urbanization level in the Yellow River Basin is gradually enhanced,but the local spatial pattern is stable and strengthened,which is manifested in the stable distribution of high value areas and low value areas.The high value areas are distributed in the cities with good natural resource endowment in the "Ji" bend of the Yellow River,and the low value areas are distributed in the western minority inhabited areas.(4)Economic development and industrial structure optimization are still the core driving forces of urbanization in the Yellow River Basin.The effect of natural environment and geographical pattern on the spatial differentiation of urbanization level still exists.From the regional perspective,Qingchuangan region focuses on the development of characteristic industries;Shanjin region focus on the adjustment of industrial structure and the improvement of basic education services and infrastructure;Ningmeng region focus on improving the income of urban and rural residents and optimizing the industrial structure;The economic development,industrial structure adjustment and public service level of Shandong and Henan have a large room for improvement.(5)The proportion of secondary industry in GDP,the proportion of tertiary industry in GDP,per capita fixed asset investment,total import and export,annual crop planting area,average annual precipitation,and the number of people with health technology have spatial heterogeneity on the urbanization level of different regions in the Yellow River Basin,which reflects the natural resource endowment,natural conditions and geographical pattern,policy guidance,industrial structure,economic growth and so on The development path has different effects on the level of urbanization.The Countermeasures for the high-quality development of urbanization in the Yellow River Basin should be adapted to local conditions.