| Verifying the effects of different N-K ratio on yield formation,nutrient absorption and utilization,and lodging resistance of hybrid rice under different mechanized planting methods in wheat stubble field,which provided theoretical an practical basis for reasonable N-K application under different mechanized planting methods of hybrid rice,in 2018 and2019 respectively,hybrid medium rice F you 498 was used as the test material,adopting two factor split area design,the main area was potassium fertilizer operation,and the total potassium application amount was 150 kg/hm~2,two kinds of potassium fertilizer operations were set up,the ratio of K fertilizer to total amount of K fertilizer(K1)and the ratio of K fertilizer to basic tiller and ear fertilizer(5:0:5)(K2).The split area was nitrogen fertilizer operations,the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 150kg/hm2,and three kinds of nitrogen management were set up according to the ratio of K fertilizer to basic tiller and ear fertilizer(7:3:0(N1),5:3:2(N2)and 3:3:4(N3).The effects of different N and K application on the yield and composition,the absorption and utilization of N and K nutrients,and the lodging resistance of rice were studied1.The effects of different N-K ratio on the yield and its components of direct seeding rice and machine transplanting rice.In 2018 and 2019,the output of mechanically inserted rice was higher than that of directly seeded rice,with an increase of 2.43%and 5.81%respectively.Potassium fertilizer application has a significant impact on the yield of direct seeding rice,and on the yield and effective panicle number of mechanically inserted rice.In addition to 1000 grain weight,nitrogen application had a significant impact on the effective panicle number,grain number per panicle,total spikelet number,seed setting rate and yield of Hybrid Rice under the two cultivation modes,and the interaction effect of nitrogen and potassium was significant.The yield of two-year direct seeding rice and machine transplanting rice was the highest under K2N2 and K2N3 treatment,respectively,9.77 t/hm~2 and 9.93 t/hm~2(2018),10.15 t/hm~2and 10.60 t/hm~2(2019).2.The effect of different N-K ratio on dry matter accumulation and transport of direct seeding rice and machine transplanting riceThe effect of fertilizer operation on dry matter accumulation and transport of organic direct seeding and organic transplanting rice was significant,and the interaction effect of potassium and nitrogen on dry matter accumulation and transport was significant.Compared with the direct seeding,the early growth and development of mechanically inserted rice is slower,the dry matter accumulation is less than that of the direct seeding,and the dry matter production speed of the late mechanically inserted rice is faster.The total dry matter accumulation in the late growth stage is more than that of the direct seeding rice,but the apparent transport amount of the matter and the output rate of stem and sheath are lower and the output rate of leaf is higher than that of the direct seeding.The application of K and N fertilizer in different stages could promote the accumulation of dry matter and apparent transport of dry matter at the later growth stage of rice plant,which contributed a lot to the transport of dry matter at the later growth stage of direct seeding and the production of dry matter at the later growth stage of transplanting rice.3.The effect of different N-K ratio on the nutrient absorption and utilization characteristics of direct seeding rice and machine transplanting riceCompared with direct seeding rice,the plant nitrogen content and the total amount of plant nitrogen accumulation were lower,and the plant potassium content and the total amount of plant potassium accumulation were higher.Both K and N application had significant effects on the absorption and utilization of N and K in rice,and the interaction between the two factors also reached a significant level.The nitrogen uptake and utilization of rice was significantly improved by applying potassium in different stages.The nitrogen content,nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen transport of rice in different stages were increased compared with that of single application of potassium fertilizer,which improved the nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen production efficiency of rice.The nitrogen content of rice in later growth stage was significantly increased by applying nitrogen panicle fertilizer,and the direct seeding of nitrogen accumulation showed that N3>N2>N1,and machine inserted Under K2N3,the maximum value of rice was 184.38kg/hm~2(2018)and 181.11 kg/hm~2(2019).Compared with the single-time basal application,the potassium accumulation and the potassium harvest index were increased in the later growth stage.With the increase of nitrogen ear fertilizer,the potassium content of rice plants increased significantly in the later growth stage.Although the potassium production efficiency decreased,the potassium harvest index increased significantly.4.Effect of different N-K ratio on Lodging Resistance of direct seeding rice and machine planting riceCompared with direct seeding rice,the length of internodes in S2,S3 and S4 was shorter,the stem was thicker,the bending moment and lodging index were lower,and the lodging resistance was better.The effects of potassium and nitrogen operation on the lodging indexes were significant,and the two factors had interaction effects on the above indexes.The lodging index of the same internode was K1>K2 under the potassium fertilizer operation and N1>N2>N3 under the nitrogen fertilizer operation.The lodging resistance of K2N3 was the best.5.Correlation analysis between N?K uptake and lodging resistance of rice plantsThrough correlation analysis,it was found that the plant nitrogen content,total nitrogen accumulation,apparent nitrogen transport,plant potassium content,total potassium accumulation and apparent potassium transport were significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with the lodging index of S3 and S4.The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the total amount of nitrogen,potassium and the lodging index.To sum up,under K2N2 treatment and K2N3 treatment,the population construction of direct seeding rice is more advantageous,with high yield and high nitrogen harvest index,nitrogen harvest index and lodging resistance. |
PDF Full Text Request