| Whether the application of fertilizer is reasonable is directly related to the yield and quality of the crop,because of its important role in agricultural production.For a long time,most of the planting areas have attached importance to the application of NPK fertilizers,while neglecting other trace elements required for rice growth and organic fertilizers.In addition,there are many kinds of fertilizers on the market,which make farmers more blind and random in their choices.And it is extremely unfavorable for the potential of grain production.Through the reprocessing of traditional fertilizers,and using new methods and technologies to develop new special fertilizer products is becoming a major direction in the development of fertilizer industry.To this end,the experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018,to explore the effects of two new rice-specific fertilizers on rice growth and development,yield formation and lodging resistance.We selected conventional fertilizer as CK;Liangyou8206(LY8206),Liangyou3308(LY3308)and Longliangyou1988(LLY1988),Huanghuazhan(HHZ)as materials,respectively.And the field plot experiments were carried out in this research.The purposes of this study is expected to elucidate the mechanism of new special fertilizers improving rice traits,increasing yield and efficiency,which would provide a theoretical basis for regional promotion of two new special fertilizers.The main results showd that:1.The special fertilizer of "Jiahao" effected rice yield,dry matter accumulation and lodging resistance significantly.(1)It can increase rice yield observably.Compared with conventional fertilizer,the average yield increased by 7.78%.The main reason is that the special fertilizer treatment markedly increased the effective panicle number and1000-grain weight of rice.There were differences between varieties and planting methods.For the multi-tiller and large-spike variety LY8206,the yield increased effect was more significant under direct-seeding conditions by 14.21%.For the representative variety LY3308 with weak tillering ability,the effect was more obvious under the transplanting conditions,for production increased by 9.45%.(2)For dry matter accumulation at different stages,the special fertilizer showed the characteristics of slowly in the early stage,stable in the middle stage and accelerated in the late stage.It was significantly lower than control from sowing to mid-tillering.And there was no significant difference between two fertilizers from mid-tillering to heading.While special fertilizer was 32.08%higher than that of the control from heading to maturity.(3)For photosynthetic production,before mid-tillering,the leaf area index(LAI),crop growth rate(CGR),and netassimilation rate(NAR)under special fertilizer treatment were significantly lower than control.From mid-tillering to heading,there was no significant difference for CGR and NAR.And LAI at heading stage showed the same.After heading,the LAI,CGR and NAR of special fertilizer were significantly higher than the control.(4)The special fertilizer treatment reduced the plant height and center of gravity of rice at maturity by4.88% and 9.64%,respectively.In addition,the base of the stem is shortened and thickened.The stem diameter of basal lodging sensitive parts increased by 3.91%-7.83%,the stem wall thickness increased by 6.25%-17.05%,and the bending resistance of the stem was obviously increased,so that the lodging index reduced by 19.0%-37.89%,and the risk of lodging is reduced ultimately.2.The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer "Heijindao" had a significant effect in promoting rice yield,lodging resistance and nutrient accumulation.(1)Compared with the control,the special fertilizer treatment increased the yield of hybrid rice and conventional rice by 22.70% and 9.50%,respectively.The main reason was the effective panicle number per unit area increased by 13.07% and 25.23%,and 1000-grain weight increased by 2.46% and 2.84%,respectively.(2)Special fertilizer accelerated the leaf ageing and tillering rate of rice,dropped the plant height,and thus increased leaf area index,dry matter weight in the upper part and dry weight of unit seedling,which is conducive to the formation of strong seedlings.(3)Under the special fertilizer treatment,the maximum number of stems and the number of effective panicle of rice were significantly increased,and the percentage of effective tillers was no significant difference from that of the control.It showed that the special fertilizer can increase the numbers of groups while ensuring that the quality of the crop did not decline.The LAI and tiller number of rice under special fertilizer treatments were higher than that of the control,which showed obvious advantages in dry matter accumulation and crop growth,and ensured the formation of photosynthetic products.(4)It can significantly ameliorate the lodging resistance-related traits of rice,and the height of plants in the whole growth period had extremely significant reduction.During the maturity period,the ratio of each section was optimized,and the plant height of hybrid rice and conventional rice decreased by 6.24% and 10.35%,respectively;the height of gravity center reduced by 12.59% and9.10%,respectively;and the stem diameter of basal lodging sensitive parts increased by3.65%-7.76%.The stem wall thickness increased by 3.41%-27.06%,which increased the base bending resistance by 26.10% and 32.09%,respectively;and the lodging index decreased by 30.59% and 29.30%,respectively,so that reducing the risk of lodging.(5)Before heading,there was 51.92%-72.06% of the nitrogen distributed in the leaf,which was the nitrogen distribution center.After heading the nitrogen gradually shifted to the panicle,nitrogen content and distribution rate at maturity showed the highest in the panicle,which occupied 42.92%-54.51% of the total,followed by the leaf and the smallest in the stem and sheath.During the nutritional growth period,the stem and sheath was the center of phosphorus accumulation and distribution(the distribution rate was50.53%-58.94%).Whereas the reproductive growth period,the phosphorus was transferred to the panicles.At maturity the panicle was the phosphorus distribution center,accounting for more than 61.45% of the total content.Potassium used the stem as the distribution center in the whole growth period,and with the development of growth period,the distribution rate of potassium in both stem and panicle increased gradually.In addition,compared with the control,the nitrogen accumulation in HHZ increased by14.86%;the phosphorus accumulation in LLY1988 and HHZ increased by 26.28% and20.20%,respectively;and the potassium accumulation increased by 12.06% and 27.08%,respectively.In terms of nutrient distribution in organs,under the special fertilizer treatment,the nitrogen distribution rate of panicles in LLY1988 was higher than that of the control 4.49%,whereas HHZ was 16.72% lower than the control;the phosphorus partition rate of LLY1988 and HHZ were higher than the control by 5.23% and 7.22%,respectively;and the potassium distribution rate were 10.21% and 27.18% higher than the control,respectively. |
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