To Compare The Effects Of Schisandra Chinensis And Its Alcohol-extracted Powder On Lipid/glucose Metabolism In Mice

With the improvement of people's living standards,there has been an appreciable rise in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)and obesity/overweight in developing countries.Among many pathogenetic factors,hyperlipidemia,especially hypercholesteraemia,are considered as a significant risk factor for CVD.In recent decades,more and more people choose Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)to prevent and cure diseases.It brings opportunity to the CHM development,as well as chanllege to the CHM resource.At the present,the waste of CHM resources is a common phenonmenon in the CHM pharmaceutical industry and clinic.Fructus Schisandra Chinensis(FSC)is used as atonic with characteristic of "medicine and food homology" for a long time.Traditional Chinese Medicine considers that FSC seed and pulp have different nature and flavor.Previous studies have demonstrated that FSC infleneced lipid/glucose metabolism.In this thesis,we compared the effects of dietary supplementation with FSC seed,pulp and their post-ethanol extraction powder on lipid/glucose metabolism in normal diet-fed or high cholesterol/bile salt(1/0.3%,w/w)diet(HCBD)-fed mice.1 Effects of FSC seed and its post-ethanol extraction powder on lipid/glucose metabolism in normal mice1.1 Preparation of FSC seed and its post-ethanol extraction powderPreparation of FSC seed(FSC-S):FSC were manually peeled off and its seeds were washed with distilled water and dried,the dried seeds were crushed into small pieces and then pass through the 60 mesh sieve.Preparation of post-ethanol extraction powder of FSC seed(FSC-SpEt):The dried seeds were crushed into small pieces and extracted twice(first,1.5 h;second,2 h)with 5 volumes of 80%ethanol under reflux after soaking for half an hour.Filtered and dried the residue then pass through the 60 mesh sieve.1.2 Effects of FSC-S and FSC-SpEt on lipid/glucose metabolis in normal miceObjective:To investigate the effect of FSC-S and FSC-SpEt on lipid/glucose metabolism in normal diet-fed mice.Methods:Male ICR mice were fed with normal diet(control)or diet supplemented with durgs(9%,w/w).Ten days later,serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),glucose(GLU),low density lipoprotein(LDL),high density lipoprotein(HDL)levels and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activity,as well as hepatic TC,TG,GLU and fecal TC levels were measured.Weighing and calculating the body weight,organ/epididymal fat masses,viscera moisture content and index,food/water/drug intake,feed/water efficiency index(FEI/WEI),ratio of food/water intake to body weight(RFBW/RWBW).Results:Compared with control mice,supplementation with FSC-S and FSC-SpEt increased serum TC(by 64 and 25%,respectively)and LDL(by 60 and 27%,respectively)(P<0.01).FSC-S supplement decreased hepatic TC(by 19%),GLU(by 24%)contents and increased hepatic TG contents by 14%(P<0.01).Hepatic TC and TG contents were lowered in FSC-SpEt-supplemented by 16 and 20%(P<0.01),respectively.FSC-S-supplemented lowered the body/fatty masse and food intake,but increased the value of FEI in normal mice.Fenofibrate(FF)supplements reduced serum/hepatic lipids,hepatic GLU contents(P<0.05),but it induced hepatomegaly and increased liver weight.Conclusion:FSC-S decreased hepatic TC and GLU contents in normal mice and showed the effect of weight and body fat stores loss,with "weight-loss" value.FSCSpEt can decrease hepatic lipids contents,with "lipotropic" value.2 Effects of FSC-S and FSC-SpEt on lipid/glucose metabolism in hypercholesterolemic miceObjective:To investigate the effect of FSC-S and FSC-SpEt on lipid/glucose metabolism in hypercholesterolemic mice.Methods:Male ICR mice were fed with normal diet,HCBD,or HCBD supplemented with durgs(3%or 9%,w/w).Ten days later,serum and hepatic lipids and glucose levels,as well as serum ALT activity were measured.In addition,the body weight,organ/epididymal fat masses,viscera moisture content and index,FEI/WEI,and RFBW/RWBW were obtained.Results:Serum TC,LDL and hepatic TC,TG contents significantly increased(P<0.01)in the mice fed with HCBD,compared with control mice.FSCS supplementation elevated serum TC,TG,HDL,LDL,and LDL/HDL ratio(up to 64,118,77,197,and 51%,respectively)in HCBD-fed mice(P<0.01).FSC-SpEt supplementation reduced serum TG(by 15%)and LDL/HDL ratio(by 18%),as well as increased HDL(by 22%)in HCBD-fed mice(P<0.05).FSC-S reduced hepatic GLU levels by 22%(P<0.01)in hypercholesterolemic mice.FSC-S significantly decreased body weight(17%),fat weight(43%)and index(38%)(P<0.01),reduced food intake but increased the value of FEI in HCBD-fed mice.FF supplements reduced serum/hepatic lipids,hepatic GLU contents(P<0.01),but it increased liver weight and serum ALT activity(P<0.01).Conclusion:FSC-S reduced hypercholesterolemic mice hepatic GLU contents and showed the effect of weight and body fat stores loss,with "weight-loss"value.FSC-SpEt can decrease serum TG and increased HDL level,with the value of "hypertriglyceridemia" therapeutic.3 Effects of FSC pulp and its post-ethanol extraction powder on lipid/glucose metabolism in normal mice3.1 Preparation of FSC pulp and its post-ethanol extraction powderPreparation of FSC pulp(FSC-P):FSC were manually peeled off and its seeds then dried,the dried pulps were crushed enough and then pass through the 60 mesh sieve.Preparation of post-ethanol extraction powder of FSC pulp(FSC-PpEt):The dried pulps were crushed into small pieces and extracted twice(first,1.5 h;second,2 h)with 5 volumes of 80%ethanol under reflux after soaking for half an hour.Filtered and dried the residue then pass through the 60 mesh sieve.3.2 Effects of FSC-P and FSC-PpEt on lipid/glucose metabolism in normal miceObjective:To investigate the effect of FSC-P and FSC-PpEt on lipid/glucose metabolism in normal mice.Methods:Male ICR mice were fed with normal diet(control)or diet supplemented with durgs(9%,w/w).Ten days later,serum TC,TG,GLU,LDL,HDL levels and ALT activity,as well as hepatic TC,TG,GLU and fecal TC levels were measured.The body weight,organ/epididymal fat masses,viscera moisture content and index,FEI/WEI,RFBW/RWBW were calculated.Results:Compared with control mice,supplementation with FSC-P markedly increased serum HDL level(up to 23%,P<0.05).FSC-PpEt-supplemented decreased serum LDL/HDL ratio by 19%(P<0.05).Both FSC-P and FSC-PpEt increased hepatic TC contents by 15%and 20%(P<0.05),decreased hepatic GLU by 13%and 15%(P<0.05),respectively.FSC-PpEt lowed body weight(by 6%),liver weight(by 13%)and fat weight(by 23%)(P<0.05),as well as decreased food intake,but increased the value of FEI and WEI.Conclusion:FSC-P can elevate serum HDL,reduce hepatic GLU levels.FSC-PpEt showed the effect of "weight loss" or management of overweight.4 Effects of FSC-P and FSC-PpEt on lipid/glucose metabolism in hypercholesterolemic miceObjective:To study the effect of FSC-P and FSC-PpEt on lipid/glucose metabolism in hypercholesterolemic mice.Methods:Male ICR mice were fed with normal diet,HCBD,or HCBD supplemented with drugs(3%or 9%,w/w).Ten days later,serum TC,TG,GLU,LDL,HDL levels and ALT activity,as well as hepatic TC,TG,GLU and fecal TC levels were measured.The body weight,organ/epididymal fat masses,viscera moisture content and index,FEI/WEI,RFBW/RWBW were calculated.Results:Compared with control mice,HCBD significantly increased serum TC,LDL(by 76%and 149%,respectively),hepatic TC,TG(by 156%and 27%,respectively)(P<0.05)in mice.Both FSC-P and FSC-PpEt supplemented reduced serum TG contents up to 21%and 43%in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05)in HCBD-fed mice.HCBD supplemented with FSC-P and FSC-PpEt elevated hepatic TC and TG level by 41%,45%and 65%,96%,respectively,as well as increased fecal TC contents,and lowed serum ALT activity(P<0.05)in a dose-dependent manner,compared with the mice fed with HCBD alone.Conclusion:Both FSC-P and FSC-PpEt can induced serum TG contents,accelerated TC and TG metabolism in hypercholesterolemic mice,presented a certain degree of hepatoprotective effect.