A Comparative Study On The Quality Of Wild And Cultivated Prunella Vulgaris

Objective: To establish a method for quality control of medicinal materials and guarantee the safety of its clinical medications,we systematically compared the quality differences on wild grown and cultivated Prunella vulgaris in this paper in order to provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of wild Prunella vulgaris resources and breeding an excellent variety of cultivated Prunella vulgaris.Methods: A total of 42 batches Prunella vulgaris from all over the country were collected.First,morphological characteristics of wild and cultivated original plants and its crude drugs were observed by a intuitive method.Second,microscopic characteristics of the Prunella vulgaris medicinal powder under the microscope were observed,and then the contents of moisture,ash,acid insoluble ash and water-soluble extractives were determined.Third,HPLC methods were applied to determination of fingerprints and main active compounds contents of wild and cultivated Prunella vulgaris from different habitats.Then,the distribution of heavy metals and trace elements in different parts of wild and cultivated Prunella vulgaris was studied by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Finally,the mouse macrophage RAW264.7 was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide as the model of cell inflammation.The effects of ethanol extract of Prunella vulgaris on NO,IL-6 and TNF-? were determined by MTT assay and ELISA,and we explored the difference of anti-inflammatory activity of wild and cultivated Prunella vulgaris in vitro.Results: 1.The stems of Prunella vulgaris are green,the stems of wild Prunella vulgaris are purple.The wild plants are about 30 ? 40 cm tall,while the cultivated plant height is about 50 ? 70 cm,and the stems and roots of cultivated Prunella vulgaris are thicker than wild;The average length of the wild ear is 3 ? 4cm,the average length of cultivated ear is 5 ? 6cm.There were no significant differences in the traits of wild and cultivated Prunella vulgaris.There were many kinds of seed coat epidermal cells in the cultivated Prunella herbal powder,but almost no seed coat epidermal cell was found in the wild.And the other microscopic features were not significantly different.2.There was no significant difference in water content,ash content,acid insoluble ash content and water-soluble extractives content between wild and cultivated Prunella vulgaris,and the contents were in accordance with the Pharmacopoeia.3.The fingerprint of Prunella vulgaris was established,twelve common peaks and good similarities were found in the HPLC fingerprints of wild and cultivated Prunella vulgaris from different habitats.Partial least squares discriminant analysis result showed obvious classification between the two different varieties of Prunella vulgaris.Six compounds were screened as biomarker,representing major differences between the two different varieties.Four of them were identified as rutin,rosmarini cacid,caffeic acid and luteolin.4.A method for simultaneous determination of five active compounds in wild and cultivated Prunella vulgaris was established.The contents of rosmarinic acid,caffeic acid,rutinum and luteolin were relatively higher in wild samples.There was no significant difference in the content of salviaflaside.According to the result of cluster analysis,most of the cultivated and the wild materials could be differentiated.The result of correlation analysis showed that the ear length has no significant influence on the contents of main compounds in Prunella vulgaris.5.The content of trace elements in different parts of wild and cultivated Prunella vulgaris was different.The contents of lead,copper,and potassium in different regions were not obvious difference,and the contents of cadmium,zinc,manganese,calcium,iron,sodium and magnesium were different in different regions.The distribution of ten kinds of trace elements in different organs of Prunella vulgaris was that the contents of trace elements in root and ear were higher,followed by leaves and content of trace elements in stem was the lowest.In the same part,content of calcium was the highest and much higher than other elements,indicating that strong enrichment ability of calcium in various parts of Prunella vulgaris,followed by iron,manganese,potassium,zinc.The enrichment ability of three kinds of heavy metals such as lead,cadmium and copper was different,and the enrichment ability of copper was stronger and the enrichment ability of lead was weak.6.Prunella vulgaris alcohol extracts can dose-induced inhibit the secretion of macrophages inflammatory factors NO,IL-6 and TNF-?,indicating that Prunella vulgaris has obvious anti-inflammatory effects.The antiinflammatory activity of Prunella vulgaris from different habitats was different,and there was also a significant difference in the anti-inflammatory activity between wild and cultivated Prunella vulgaris at high doses.Conclusion: Based on the above results,the quality of wild and cultivated Prunella vulgaris was different,but the difference was mainly caused by the difference of habitats,and the effect of the variety was small.Therefore,the wild and cultivated Prunella vulgaris had quality consistency,both can be equivalent to use.