| Decaisnea insignis is a medicinal and homologous plant grew in the Himalayas and Qinba Mountains of China.The Decaisnea insignis seed oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids,especially palmitoleic acid and oleic acid.So far,most studies on D.insignis focused on the plant genome and the physical and chemical detection of seed oil.Little is known about the biological functions of D.insignis and its seeds oil.Therefore,this study aimed to elevate the modulatory effect of D.insignis seed oil on alcohol-induced gut-liver injury and metabolism disorder in mice.In this study,the mechanism of D.insignis seed oil in preventing alcoholic gut-liver injury and regulating lipid metabolism were systematically investigated using emerging multi-omics technology(intestinal flora,metabolome,transcriptome).The main research contents and results are as follows:(1)D.insignis seed oil was extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction.The oil yield was 24.28%and the oil was clear and transparent with a pale-yellow color.According to the national standard method,the acid value,iodine value,saponification value,and peroxide value of the oil were detected,and the results were 2.04± 0.13,81.81±3.30,153.42 ± 11.70,and 1.76 ± 0.08,respectively.The fatty acids compositions of oil were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that D.insignis seed oil mainly consisted of unsaturated fatty acids,accounting for 85.50%,in which monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid were in percentages of 83.99%(55.25%palmitoleic acid,28.74%Oleic acid)and 1.51%(linolenic acid 1.13%,y-linolenic acid 0.38%),respectively.In addition,D.insignis seed oil contained a certain amount of saturated fatty acid with a percentage of 14.5%(palmitic acid 12.25%,stearic acid 2.25%).(2)Effect of D.insignis seed oil on alcohol-induced gut-liver injury and lipid metabolism in healthy male Kunming mice.Fifty mice were orally administrated with 38%alcohol(0.4 mL/day)and without or with DISO(3,6,and 12 g/kg)for consecutive 12 weeks.D.insignis seed oil could significantly reduce the activity of AST(p>0.1),ALT(p<0.01)and the levels of TG(p<0.05),TC(p<0.01),HDL-C(p<0.05),LDL-C(p<0.05)in serum.Besides,the pathological observations of liver tissue showed that with D.insignis seed oil treatment,the margins of liver cells were clearly visible and the cell morphology were similar to that of normal mice.In addition,lipid deposition was significantly reduced in DISO mice.These results confirmed that D.insignis seed oil is able to alleviate alcohol-induced liver damage and improve lipid metabolism disorder in mice.In addition,the pathological observation of ileal tissue stained with H&E showed that the number and integrity of intestinal villi in alcoholic mice were lower than that of normal mice,while D.insignis seed oil treatment made villi density and length greater.Moreover,D.insignis seed oil reduce the levels of LPS and IL-1 in serum,indicating D.insignis seed oil can improve the intestinal barrier function and reduce the inflammation reaction.(3)16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of cecal content revealed that D.insignis seed oil can regulate the composition of the gut microbiota in mice.In particular,increased the relative abundance of lactobacillus,and reduced the relative abundance of parabacteroides,which were similar to the normal mice.In addition,GC-TOF/MS non-target metabolome results showed that D.insignis seed oil is mainly involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis,steroid biosynthesis,pyrimidine metabolism,tryptophan metabolism,propionate metabolism,and other pathways.Pearson's correlation analysis was performed on the differential metabolites and differential microbiota.The results showed that there was significant correlation between lactobacillus and tryptophan metabolites,such as indole compounds,indicating that D.insignis seed oil may alleviate inflammation by enriching the abundance of lactobacillus and that decomposing tryptophan into indole acid derivatives.(4)The transcriptomic profiling of liver using RNA-seq technology.The results showed that with three different treatments,liver transcript profiles were significantly separated,between Alcohol group and Chow group;85 differential expressed genes were identified(FDR<0.05,FC>2),including 28 down-regulated genes and 57 up-regulated genes induced by alcohol.Between D.insignis seed oil group and Alcohol group,149 differential expressed genes were detected(FDR<0.05,FC>2),including 46 up-regulated genes and 103 down-regulated genes.The gene enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG showed that D.insignis seed oil is mainly involved in the inflammation regulation and lipid metabolism process.D.insignis seed oil down-regulated the expression of inflammation-related genes such as SAA1-3 and ORM1-3,and up-regulated the expression of LIPIN1.LIPIN1 may act as a co-factor of PGC-1a/PPARa pathway,which is able to promote fatty acid oxidation and further to relieve alcohol-induced liver steatosis.In conclusion,the present study showed that D.insignis seed oil,a emerging healthy plant oil,could prevent alcohol-induced gut-liver injury and metabolism disorder in mice via modulating gut microbiota and regulating gene expression in liver.Morever,this study also provides a novel strategy for preventing alcohol-induced gut-liver injure. |
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