| ObjectiveWith the gradual change of the world medical model from biomedical model to biopsychosocial medical model,the influence of psychological factors on diseases has received more and more attention from the medical community.The occurrence of primary dysmenorrhea(PD)is not only related to medical factors,but also to psychological factors,so it is necessary to study the characteristics of primary dysmenorrhea based on psychological factors.The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological status,personality,pain level and TCM symptoms of patients with primary dysmenorrhea,and to investigate the correlation between the psychological and personality status,pain level and TCM symptoms of patients with dysmenorrhea.The following hypotheses were formulated for this study:(1)Differences exist between the psychological profile and the five-state personality of patients with primary dysmenorrhea and the general public.(2)There is a correlation between personality,psychological factors and evidence type and the severity of pain in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.This study investigates the relationship between psychological and personality factors and the severity of pain in primary dysmenorrhea,and provides a valuable scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of primary dysmenorrhea,as well as for the individualized prevention and treatment concept of "treating the mind and body together" and"tailoring to the individual".It also provides a valuable reference for the "mind-body treatment" and "individualized prevention and treatment".MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect PD patients who met the standards of intake and discharge from students in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and outpatients in Dongzhimen Hospital,to improve the questionnaire and collect basic information,information on the four Chinese medicine consultations,pain level,anxiety,depression scale,and five-state personality scale.The database was established,and the valid questionnaire data were bidirectional input by Excel.SPSS26.0 software package(Chinese version)was used for statistical analysis,including frequency analysis,descriptive statistics,chi-square test and correlation analysis,regression analysis,etc.The correlation between the psychological and personality status of dysmenorrhea patients and the degree of pain and TCM symptoms was tentatively explored.Result1.The initial age of onset of primary dysmenorrhea occurred mostly in adolescence(62.9%),and the majority of PD patients had menstrual periods with blood clots(88.75%).Academic statistics showed that the highest percentage of patients with college or bachelor's level education(61.8%),followed by those with master's level or above(36%),and occupational distribution statistics showed that the majority of PD patients were brain workers(86.6%).The survey showed that more than half of the PD patients were accompanied by emotional and mental discomfort,of which were thoughtful(41.2%)>impatient and irritable(37.6%)>depressed(16.5%)>timid and easily frightened(9.4%),and in terms of life,PD patients were characterized by high work stress(39.3%),frequent late nights(49.4%)and low exercise(50.6%).There was no statistically significant difference between pain level and age,age of onset of dysmenorrhea,and occupation(P>0.05).In contrast,differences in sexual life and marital status were statistically significant(P<0.05).2.Among the 89 cases of PD included in this study,the Chinese medicine evidence type was Qi stagnation and blood stasis evidence in the largest number of cases,30(33.7%),followed by cold clotting and blood stasis evidence in 26(29.2%),damp-heat stasis evidence in 16(18.0%),Qi and blood weakness evidence in 11(12.4%)and liver and kidney deficiency evidence in 6(6.7%).In the statistical analysis of the type of evidence and type of pain,11 cases(39.3%)of qi stagnation and blood stasis evidence,11 cases(39.3%)of damp-heat stasis evidence>6 cases(21.4%)of cold coagulation and blood stasis evidence in mild pain,Moderate pain in 11 cases(33.3%)with qi stagnation and blood stasis>10 cases(30.3%)with cold clotting and blood stasis>6 cases(18.2%)with qi and blood weakness>5 cases(15.2%)with damp heat and stasis>1 case(3.0%)with liver and kidney deficiency.10 cases of severe pain with cold clotting and blood stasis(35.7%)>8 cases of qi stagnation and blood stasis(28.6%)>5 cases of qi and blood weakness(17.9%)and 5 cases of liver and kidney deficiency(17.9%).The proportion of pain types in qi stagnation and blood stasis evidence was in the order of mild pain(36.67%),moderate pain(36.67%)>severe pain(26.67%).The proportion of pain type s in the evidence of cold clotting and blood stasis was severe pain(38.46%),moderate pain(38.46%)>mild pain(23.08%).The percentage of pain types in damp-heat stasis evidence was mild pain(68.75%)and moderate pain(31.25%).The percentage of pain types in the evidence of qi and blood weakness was moderate pain(54.55%)and severe pain(45.45%).The percentage of pain types in liver and kidney deficiency evidence was severe pain(83.33%)and moderate pain(16.67%).3.anxiety scores(36.93±8.68)and depression scores(41.28±10.68)were higher in PD patients than in the national normative group.Anxiety levels varied among patients with different degrees of dysmenorrhea,with one case of mild anxiety(3.6%)and no moderate or severe anxiety in mild pain;9 cases(27.3%)of mild anxiety and 5 cases(15.2%)of moderate anxiety in descending order in moderate pain;The percentage of anxiety levels in severe pain was,in descending order,mild anxiety in 6 cases(21.4%),moderate anxiety in 6 cases(21.4%),and severe anxiety in 1 case(3.6%).The degree of anxiety also varied among the different TCM evidence types,with the most cases of patients with anxiety status in the qi stagnation and blood stasis evidence type with 10 cases,followed by the cold coagulation and blood stasis evidence type with 8 cases,the qi and blood weakness evidence with 5 cases,the liver and kidney deficiency evidence with 3 cases,and the damp heat and stasis evidence with 2 cases.The proportion of anxiety in the qi stagnation and blood stasis evidence was 6 cases(20%)of moderate anxiety and 4 cases(13.3%)of mild anxiety in descending order;the proportion of anxiety in the cold coagulation and blood stasis evidence was 5 cases(19.2%)of mild anxiety and 3 cases(11.5%)of moderate anxiety in descending order;the proportion of anxiety in the damp-heat stasis evidence was 2 cases(12.5%)of mild anxiety in descending order;The proportion of anxiety in the evidence of qi and blood weakness,in descending order,was mild anxiety in 3 cases(27.3%)and moderate anxiety in 2 cases(18.2%).The proportion of anxiety in the evidence of deficiency of liver and kidney was 2 cases of mild anxiety(33.3%)and 1 case of severe anxiety(16.7%)in descending order.4.the five-state personality Taiyang score was lower in PD patients than in the national normative group(P<0.05)while the Taiyin score was higher than in the national normative group(P<0.05),while the differences were not significant in the Shaoyang,Yinyang balanced,and Shaoyin dimensions(P>0.05).On the Shaoyang dimension,21-30 years old scored higher than 40-50 years old(P<0.05).There were differences in the five-state personality in patients with different pain levels,and the proportion of the five-state personality in severe pain was 15 cases(53.6%)in Taiyin personality,8 cases(28.6%)in Shaoyang personality,and 5 cases(17.9%)in Shaoyin personality in descending order.The proportion of personality in moderate pain was 18 cases(54.5%)of Taiyin personality,8 cases(24.2%)of Shaoyin personality,and 7 cases(21.2%)of Shaoyang personality in order from high to low,and the proportion of personality in mild pain was 10 cases(35.7%)of Shaoyang personality,9 cases(32.1%)of Shaoyin personality,and 5 cases(17.9%)of Taiyin personality in order from high to low.5.?2 test was performed between the five-state personality and the degree of anxiety,and P<0.05 indicated that there was a difference between the degree of anxiety and the five-state personality in the 89 PD women in this survey.Among the five-state personalities,the percentage of anxiety in descending order was 38 cases(42.7%)of Taiyin personality,25 cases(28.1%)of Shaoyang personality,and 22 cases(24.7%)of Shaoyin personality.6.the results of the correlation analysis between psychology,personality and pain level showed that Taiyin personality was positively correlated with VAS scores(r=0.245,P<0.05)and Taiyin personality was significantly positively correlated with anxiety(r=0.448,P<0.01)and depression(r=0.4178,P<0.01)scores.There was a negative correlation between yin and yang balanced personality and anxiety scores(r=-0.2368,P<0.05)and a significant negative correlation between yin and yang balanced personality and depression scores(r=-0.2948,P<0.01),and the results of the regression analysis between psychology,personality and pain level showed a multiple correlation coefficient of R=0.454 and a corrected multiple coefficient of determination of R2=0.138.The results of the ANOVA showed that the regression equation held(P<0.01),with a partial regression coefficient beta of 0.289 for Taiyin and a partial regression coefficient beta of 0.473 for anxiety.Conclusion1.the PD patients in this study were more prone to suffer from primary dysmenorrhea than normal people with anxiety and depression and with a Taiyin personality,as opposed to the Taiyang personality.2.The present study proved that there are differences in the psychological and personality profiles of primary dysmenorrhea patients with different levels of pain.At the level of general conditions affecting the pain level of dysmenorrhea,the pain level of PD asexuals and unmarried people is more severe than those who are sexually active and married.At the level of psychological factors,PD patients whose anxiety level is higher tend to have more severe pain.At the level of the five-state personality,PD patients with Taiyin personality type had higher pain severity than the other five-state personality types.Also,this study found that at the level of evidence type,the more severe the pain was,the proportion of cold-clotting and blood-stasis evidence gradually increased,while the proportion of damp-heat stasis evidence gradually decreased.There was also a correlation between psychological factors and the evidence type and five-state personality,with the evidence type in patients with PD accompanied by anxiety state being mostly qi stagnation and blood stasis,followed by cold clotting and blood stasis,and patients with PD accompanied by anxiety and depression state were positively correlated with Taiyin personality,while negatively correlated with Yinyang balanced personality.There is a correlation between psychological factors,personality and primary dysmenorrhea,i.e.,the mind and body interact with each other,which verifies the view of "unity of form and spirit" in Chinese medicine. |
PDF Full Text Request