| Cultural evolutionism is an important theoretical school in the field of cultural anthropology and cultural philosophy,which has a strong materialistic nature.From the development stage,cultural evolutionism has experienced the development process from classical cultural evolutionism to new cultural evolutionism.The scholars of classical cultural evolutionism take biological evolutionism as the theoretical basis.On the one hand,they enrich the ideological content of cultural theory.On the other hand,they mechanically make a simple analogy between the evolution of human society and biological field,ignoring the particularity of cultural development,and move towards the single line theory of historical development.On the basis of criticizing and inheriting the classical cultural evolutionism,the new cultural evolutionism takes the level of energy utilization and the ability of environmental adaptation as the standard of cultural evolution,realizes the fundamental power of social development,but it goes to utilitarianism and materialism due to the neglect of the reaction of production relations and human value.Historical materialism takes the realistic man as the premise of history,reveals the law that the contradictory movement between productivity and production relations promotes social development,and takes the free and all-round development of man as the fundamental goal.The theoretical purpose of cultural evolution and historical materialism is to reveal the law of human social development,to support the theory of social organism in the laws related to the overall operation of society,and to attach great importance to the role of technological economy in promoting social development.However,no matter how the cultural evolutionism develops,it can't get rid of its biological evolutionary dimension.The scientificity of historical materialism lies in that it contains a kind of cultural progressivism,which surpasses the cultural evolutionism with its historicity and practicality. |
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