| The Tangut version of Mahaparinirvana-sutra was excavated in Khara-Khoto Mongolia in 1908-1909,which is the surviving voluminous Tangut version Buddhist sutras translated from Chinese.The sutra has been collected at home and abroad,compared with the fragments of British and Chinese,Russian sutras is the most complete,abundant and well preserved.The author chooses the Tangut version of Mahaparinirvana-sutra(vol.32)in Russiain as the research object,the original is kept in the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Oriental Literature,and photocopied publication in Khara-Khoto Literature(vol.23)in Russiain,the paper intends to translation this volume Buddhist sutra,and to explore the similarities and differences between Tangut and Central Plains in the translation and application of Buddhist sutras through the sentence-by-sentence translation of the full text and the contrastion with the original Chinese,in order to obtain the value of linguistic philology,historical philology and Buddhism contained.Firstly,this article introduces the discovery and collection of Buddhist literature in Tangut,expounds the value of this topic in the aspects of language philology,historical philology and Buddhism.Secondly,on the basis of introducing the current situation and trend of the study on the corpus of Tangut Buddhist scriptures,the article combs the academic history of the Tangut version of Mahaparinirvana-sutra,and finds that the academic circles focus on collection,layout and so on,and less special examination and interpretation of its fragments and volumes.Then,this paper systematically introduces the interpretation of Mahaparinirvana-sutra in Han Land and the unearthed and collection of the Tangut version at home and abroad,and verifi its original version and the school version.The main part of the article is to use the popular "three-line translation method" to record and translate the whole volume of Buddhist sutra,which are not sentence-read,the Chinese version adopts Taisho Tripitaka(vol.12).By comparing with the Chinese text,this paper tries to solve the problems of error,detachment,evolution,inversion and so on in this literature,and corrects the variant characters and false characters in the original,so as to provide a useful corpus for the academic circles.On this basis,further annotate the Buddhist terms,key words and grammatical phenomena in the text,so as to enrich the understanding of the words,semantics and grammar of Tangut characters.Finally,this paper analyzes the translation style and language characteristics of Buddhist scriptures from the perspective of translation and linguistics,classifies and statistics the disyllable words in Buddhist scriptures from the perspective of Buddhist literature words,analyzes the structural types of disyllable words,and discusses the translation of Buddhist academic language and the appearance of variant and false characters in Buddhist scriptures.In addition to the difference of word order between Tangut and Han,Tangut version basically embodies the principle of true literal translation,in which there are also flexible translation of the word,adding or subtracting words,extended meaning and paraphrasing translation.The language style of the this volume of Buddhist sutra presents the characteristics of the transformation from monosyllabic to disyllable words and the transformation of synonyms and synonyms.With the new context,some Tangut words have a new interpretation while their parts of speech are diversified.There are many disyllable words in this volume,most of which are juxtaposition,modifier,affix,subject-predicate,negative,etc.The disyllable words help to better understand the Buddhist scriptures and promote the spread and development of Tangut Buddhism.The translation of Buddhist terms in this volume includes transliteration,paraphrase,with synthetic-semantic translation,and a small number of variant characters and false characters appear in the text,which can be seen in the complexity of Tangut is easy to make people wrong. |
