Xixia "generous Guangfo Sutra · Ten Definite Article" Interpretations

The fully Chinese name of Flower Garland Sutra is defang guangfo huayanjing. it’s the one of most important books of Mahayana which scattered popularly in today’s eastern Asian areas. Flower Garland Sutra has many different versions if we look at his character system, like Sanskrit language version, Chinese language version, Tibetan language version, Uighur Script version, Tangut script version, Korean language version, Japanese language version, Vietnamese version.Except for Flower Garland Sutra of Sanskrit language, other kinds of Flower Garland Sutra which written by other languages were all influenced by Chinese language version. Chinese language Flower Garland Sutra can be divided into three editions that were called by40scrolls,60scrolls and80scrolls. Among of them,60scrolls were translated into Chinese language by buddhabhadra(359-429) during eastern Jin period(418-420). It has50volumes first then became into60’s. This version has34chapters which consists of seven places and eight stages. In order to differ it with Tang’s version, it’s also called by jiuyihuayan or jinyihuayan.80scrolls were translated by Siksananda(651-710) into Chinese language during Wuzhou period(695-699), it has80volumes,39chapters, and consists of seven places and nine stages. Compared it with old one, it added up puguangfatang chapter inside it. Later on, Fazang found that this version missed some contents of Flower Garland Sutra, so he addeded it with Heluo to po. It’s the today’s80scrolls, and it is usually called by xinyihuayan or tangyihuayan. Because of its richest contents and properly translation, it became the most popular one till today.40scrolls were sent for Tang dynasty by Nandina domestica Thunb king, therefore, Tang Dezong ordered Kasimira Tripitaka prajna(about8-9A.D.) translated it during Zhenyuan(795-798), the full name of40scrolls is called by dafangguangfo huayanjing ru busiyi jietuo jingjie puxian xingyuan pin which has40scrolls with one chapter. It was shortly called by puxian xingyuan pin, whose name is also ru fajie pin, which belongs to the last chapter of60scrolls and of80scrolls.Depended on Tang dynasty’s power and prosperous and the frequent communication with other countries, Flower Garland Sutra (especially80scrolls) that was popular in inner China has been transferred to minority areas and eastern Asian areas and southeast Asian areas, like Korea, Japan, Vietnam and so on. And so as Western Xia which has been mentioned in this paper.The Buddhism of Western Xia was both influenced by Chinese Buddhism and Tibetern Buddhism, so as Western Xia’s Buddhism books. Tangut scripts dafang guangfo huayanjing mainly collected in Russia, China, France, Japan and U.S. But the Tangut script defang guangfo huayanjing which has been founded in Lingwu of Ningxia province that concerned about in the paper belonged to80scrolls, now has been collected in national library of China, Ningxia museum, Japan, France, U.S. These80scrolls unearthed in Lingwu of Ningxia have been left a big amount, if we count the copied books with left67books together, it totally has80vols. The shi ding pin of flower Garland Sutra is conserved by national library of China, national library of France and the Japan where there are three univeriaties(Kyoto University, Tenri university and Osaka university) kept some of volumns of shi ding pin. The printing of these volumns are exquisite, and it’s the wooden edition.The paper used two line translation methods to explain shi ding pin of Flower Garland Sutra. Each small unit which was selected and divided in the paper based on the necessary of content of sutras. There were17Tangut scripts at the first line were given out which accorded on the original sutras, then the second line was Chinese language translation given by the author, the Chinese language Flower Garland Sutra was given at the last. The notes were given out if there was an difference between the two word systems of Flower Garland Sutra. The paper focus on the explanations of the Tangut scripts (include general words and the Buddhism words). Meanwhile, the author tried to connect the lost Tangut scripts of the shi ding pin of Flower Garland Sutra. There is no confidence for author to pronounce her work if it is correct and no any mistakes appeared, so this work is just a ’reconstruction’. Finally, the paper hoped to afford some basic data to help people to study Tangut script, and also help people to research more easier on Tangut script and the cultural communication of Buddhism cultural transformation, even the social cultural communication around the world as well.