Grounds, Truth, And The "Metaphysics Of Evil"

Heidegger's turning was closely related to the questioning of the truth of Being around the 1930 s.In this period,"freedom" gradually emerged as the core concept of his thinking.Starting from Leibniz's lectures on logic,he explores that the first principle of metaphysical logic is the principle of reason.It means that every being has a reason.Leibniz believes that the principle of reason is deduced from the essence of truth.And there is an essential connection between the truth as a statement and the ground.Heidegger considers that the truth of his proposition as a statement of truth is not the original truth.Only in the open field of existence,can the truth of the correspondence theory of knowledge and the object would be possible.This freedom,as an open field,is ground of ground.Secondly,in an analysis of freedom in the dimension of truth,freedom means "let to be".It lets beings manifest itself as what it is.When the beings are revealed,the whole being is in a state of concealment or has not yet been uncovered,which it is the un-truth.The un-truth as concealment and errancy are investigated.The hidden side is not only the premise of the possibility of manifestation,but also the original truth.As for Plato's simile of cave,Heidegger makes elucidation on his view of truth,which is consistent with the thinking of question on the truth and freedom of Being in the turning period.Thirdly,Heidegger expounds Schelling's freedom theory as "evil metaphysics".Schelling's theory of freedom implies that human beings have the ability to to be good and evil.Pantheism goes hand in hand with freedom.In addition,only by human beings can the evil actually exist.Heidegger regards the Schelling's conceptions of "ground" and "Being" as the two joints of the Be-ing.And the unity of them is also the connection between human being and Being itself.What makes human beings free is the Ontology that human belongs to the Be-ing.Although Heidegger explores freedom from a new perspective of "transcendence",he still discusses it in Da-sein,temporal and historical fields.In this turning period,he fails to get rid of the dilemma of metaphysical subjectivity.Therefore,it is natural for him to directly confront the Be-ing itself by transferring the perspective to the Schelling's theory of freedom.