Effects Of Physical Load And Cognitive Load On Sense Of Agency And Ownership

In daily life,we can change the external world through purposeful and conscious behavior.Such subjective experience of applying changes to the external world through autonomous actions is called sense of agency(So A);and possessing Sense of ownership(So A)refers to the feeling that an individual is an experiencer of a certain experience,such as the feeling that the body of "my" is moving rather than the body of others.The sense of agency and ownership are considered to be an important part of self-will,and also the key to distinguishing the individual from the external world.The research on the sense of ownership mainly adopts the rubber/virtual hand illusion paradigm;the research on the sense of agency mainly adopts the intentional binding paradigm.Previous studies believe that the relationship between the sense of agency and ownership is close.Research has found that the sense of agency and ownership are affected by common factors to a certain extent,and even in some cases,the two can promote each other.In other words,the two may rely on partially overlapping information sources and may share cognitive models.Previous studies have found that both physical load and cognitive load have an impact on the sense of agency,but no research has shown the effect of physical load and cognitive load on the sense of ownership.Moreover,regarding the impact of physical load on the sense of agency,previous studies have not reached a consistent conclusion.For example,some studies have found that physical load promotes the sense of agency,while some studies have found that physical load inhibits the agency.This may be because most of the previous studies used a single implicit or explicit paradigm to measure the sense of agency,while the implicit measurement and the explicit measurement are not consistent,and may be aimed at different aspects of the sense of agency.Therefore,this paper adopts both implicit and explicit measurement methods,using the virtual hand illusion paradigm,to study the mechanism of physical load and cognitive load on the sense of agency and ownership,as well as the relationship between the sense of agency and ownership.The first study is a confirmatory experiment.Because the measurement methods of the sense of agency and ownership are not consistent,it is necessary to combine the two to verify their effectiveness.The experiment process combines the research paradigm of the sense of agency(intentional bundling paradigm)with the research paradigm of the sense of ownership(virtual hand illusion paradigm),measuring the explicit and implicit sense of agency and ownership,and verifying the intentional bundling paradigm and the virtual hand The illusion paradigm combines its effectiveness in the measurement of ownership and agency,and compares the difference between explicit and implicit measurements.The results show that the combination of the intentional binding paradigm and the virtual hand illusion paradigm can effectively measure the sense of agency and ownership,and there is no correlation between the results of implicit measurement and explicit measurement of the sense of agency.The Experiment 2 is to use a 3*2 subject internal design to study the implicit experience and explicit rating of the virtual hand's sense of agency and ownership after the subjects experience high,medium,and low physical loads in the virtual hand paradigm.The experiment uses the virtual hand illusion paradigm.In the baseline phase,the subjects completed the baseline intentional bundling test.In the testing phase,first,under different physical load conditions,the subjects can freely control the virtual hand motions synchronously or asynchronously for 120 ms to induce the virtual hand illusion.Subsequently,the subjects completed the test phase of intentionally binding tasks under different physical loads,and then completed the threat stimulus skin conductance response test.Finally,the subjects completed the questionnaire rating on the sense of agency and ownership.The results of the experiment found that the physical load affected the subject's experience of agency,but this effect was regulated by synchronicity.Under asynchronous conditions,compared with low physical load,the intentional bundling effect under high physical load conditions is greater,and subjects have a stronger agency experience.Under synchronous conditions,there is no difference in the adjustment of intentional bundling between high,medium,and low physical loads.At the same time,physical load reduced the subjects' sense of ownership rating.Under synchronous conditions,the increase in physical load reduces the sense of ownership rating,while under asynchronous conditions,the sense of ownership rating does not change significantly under different physical loads.The results of implicit measurement are not consistent with the results of explicit measurement: the results of implicit intentional binding explicit agency rating are negatively correlated;the implicit skin conductance response and the explicit ownership rating are not correlated.There is a correlation between the effects of the same factor of the sense of agency and ownership.The specific manifestation is that the explicit measurement results of the agency are significantly correlated with the explicit ownership.Experiment 3 uses a memory task to manipulate cognitive load on the impact of agency and ownership,using a 2*2 in-subject design.The experimental procedure of Experiment 3 is similar to that of Experiment 2.The difference is that physical load manipulation is replaced with cognitive load manipulation,adding an implicit measure of ownership-proprioception drift.It was found that the impact of cognitive load on the implicit measurement results of the sense of agency and ownership is similar.First,with regard to explicit ownership and agency,cognitive load regulates the influence of synchronization on ratings;while for implicit ownership,under low cognitive load,subjects have greater proprioceptive drift and more Large skin conductance response;for the implicit agency,the cognitive load does reduce the intentional binding effect and weaken the agency experience.Correlation analysis between the results of implicit measurement and explicit measurement shows that intentional bundling is not correlated with the rating of agency;the results of implicit skin conductance response and proprioception drift results are not related to the rating of explicit ownership.Explains the separation of implicit and explicit measurement.Explicit agency rating and explicit ownership rating are significantly correlated,which provides new evidence for the influence of common factors between agency and ownership.The results of this study through the above three interrelated experiments prove that physical load and cognitive load are important factors that affect the sense of agency and ownership.And come to the conclusion:(1)The intentional binding effect and the virtual hand illusion can be combined to measure the sense of ownership and agency.(2)Physical load enhances the experience of implicit agency,but does not affect the judgment of explicit agency.(3)The influence of physical load on the sense of ownership is carried out by adjusting the synchronization effect.(4)Cognitive load weakens the implicit sense of agency and sense of ownership,and regulates the role of synchronicity effect on the external explicit agency rating and ownership rating.(5)The results of implicit measurement and explicit measurement are not consistent,and the effects of the common factors of explicit acting and possessing feelings.