An Oral Text Study Of Survivors Of The Nanjing Massacre

In the study of Nanjing massacre history,oral method has been used for a long time.From 1938 to 1980,survivors of the Nanjing Massacre told their personal experiences and experiences during the massacre on some specific occasions.After1980,stimulated by the activities of negating the Nanjing Massacre initiated by the Japanese right wing forces,the oral investigation of Nanjing Massacre survivors started on a large scale.From 1980 to 2010,relevant institutions,some universities and individuals in Nanjing participated in this oral practice,and a large number of oral materials of Nanjing Massacre survivors were preserved.After 2010,oral interviews with survivors of the Nanjing Massacre continued.During this period,the oral interview activities widely used recording,video and other technical means,and the interview operation process was more standardized,which greatly improved the professionalism compared with the previous period.With the continuous oral interview activities,a large number of oral texts of Nanjing Massacre survivors have been formed.Some of the survivors have been interviewed several times,and many versions of the oral texts have been preserved.After a comparative study of different versions of the same survivor's oral texts,it is not difficult to find that in the process of the formation of the Nanjing Massacre survivors' oral texts,the narrators,interviewers and editors all played an important role,affecting the final appearance of the oral texts.Among them,the oral narrator will be restricted by his physiological and psychological factors and can not tell his experience completely and accurately;the interactive relationship between the interviewers and the oral narrators will also affect the results of the interview;the modification of the manuscript by the oral arranger will also affect the appearance of the final oral text.Through the study of the specific content of the oral texts of Nanjing Massacre survivors,the author believes that there are three kinds of memories in the oral texts of Nanjing Massacre survivors: personal memory,family memory and community memory.In personal memory,the survivors' personal experience of victimization and the Japanese atrocities they witnessed are the main contents.Family memory is constructed in the communication between survivors and their family members,and shared by each family member.The death and injury of family members and the Japanese atrocities witnessed by family members constitute the main content of the survivors' family memory.Community memory is clearly reflected in the oral narration of survivors in rural areas.In a word,the dictation of Nanjing Massacre survivors is mixed with personal memory,family memory and community memory.For the survivors,these three memories constitute their cognition and recollection of the Nanjing Massacre.Since 1980 s,the large-scale Holocaust survivors oral interviews in Nanjing have been carried out.The study of the history of Nanjing massacre in Chinese mainland has also been carried out in full swing.Among them,scholars regard the oral texts of survivors as important historical materials when they study the Japanese army atrocities,refugee shelters and other important institutions,refugee groups,burying activities,and the list of victims.In addition,the researchers also use the survivors' oral texts to study the survivors of Nanjing Massacre.Through the investigation of the long-term physical and mental trauma of the survivors brought by the Japanese atrocities,the academic circles have a deeper understanding of the tragedy of the Nanjing Massacre.