| Numbers play an important role in people's daily life.They can be used to accurately calculate the quantity of various concrete or abstract physical objects,and the quantity of these objects has corresponding representations in space.In recent years,scholars have stepped up to the field of cognitive psychology,neuropsychology,digital processing of Spatial representation research,joint reaction space-digital coding effect(spatial numerical association of response codes,SNARC effect for short),it is proved that there is a Number Line psychologically,which increases gradually from left to right way of characterization,so we naturally connect digital processing and Spatial representation.At present,some scholars have explored the SNARC effect under the condition of compound stimulation of spatial location distribution,but the results are inconsistent.Compound stimuli are global symbols,numbers or letters made up of multiple local symbols,numbers,or letters.When the subjects gaze at different levels of the whole or part,they adopt different processing methods.In the field of psychology,cognition is the term to describe how individual prefer to process information,field dependence and field independence as two specific dimensions of cognitive style,represents the cognitive style of individual differences.The field-independent individuals often process information within the reference,have strong cognitive reorganization ability,are good at grasping the key points of things,and flexibly use the existing knowledge and information to solve new problems.The field-dependent individuals often process information with the whole as a reference,so it is difficult to extract the part from the whole,and they can solve familiar problems more quickly.However,the response of field-dependent individuals to solve innovative problems with the existing knowledge is not as good as that of field-independent individuals.Although compound stimuli were used in previous studies,the subjects' own factors were not taken into account,that is,the overall priority of field-dependent individuals was better than that of field-independent individuals,and no one connected the cognitive style,compound stimulus materials,and SNARC effect.Therefore,the independent variable of cognitive style was introduced in Experiment 2 to continue the discussion.To explore these questions,this study designed two experiments:In Experiment One,56 subjects were selected and asked to judge the size of the number at the overall level or the local level.Using 2(number pick: less than 5 or greater than 5)x 2(response button: right hand for J-key and left hand for F-key)x 2(purpose: the overall and the local level of reaction)three factors and within-subject experiment design,the dependent variable as the reaction time and accuracy.On the design of the experiment,study the impact on the SNARC effect with overall and local conflict conditions.The results showed that:(1)The recognition of small numbers was significantly faster than the large numbers for the left hand,and the recognition of large numbers was significantly faster than the small numbers for the right hand.(2)When focusing on the local level,the small number recognition was faster than the large number,and focusing on the overall level,the large number recognition was faster than the small number.Experiment 2 selected 60 subjects.In the experiments,adding the revised edition of Beijing normal university embedded figure test,with 2(number pick: less than 5 or greater than 5)x 2(response buttons: the right for J-key and left hand for F-key)x 2(purpose: the overall and the local level of reactions)x 2(cognitive styles: field independence and field dependence)four factors combined experimental(withinsubject and between-subject)design.Among them,the size of the numbers,reaction buttons,and the target level are the variables of the group.Cognitive style as the variable between groups,the reaction time and accuracy as the dependent variables,to discuss different cognitive styles under the condition of compound stimuli of number processing,namely the person of different cognitive styles under the condition of the whole and local conflict will affect the SNARC effect.The results showed that:(1)There was no significant difference in the response time of field-dependent individuals to left or right-handed judgment.The right hand of field-independent individuals responded faster than the left.(2)The response time of the field-dependent individuals to the overall was faster than the response time of the local,but there was no significant difference between the response time of the local and the response time of the overall among the field-independent individuals.(3)For field-dependent individuals,the recognition of small numbers was significantly faster than the large numbers for the left hand,and the recognition of large numbers was significantly faster than the small numbers for the right hand.However,for field-independent individuals,there is no significant difference between the small number and the large number recognition for left and right hand.(4)When focusing on the local level,the left hand's small number recognition was faster than the large number's,and the right hand's large number recognition was faster than the small numbers'.The study drew the following conclusions:(1)In this study,composite materials were used to verify the existence of the SNARC effect,and the SNARC effect appeared at the local level.(2)Individuals' judgment on the size of numbers is affected by overall and local conflicts.(3)Individuals' cognitive style can affect the SNARC effect in compound stimulus materials,which shows that there is a SNARC effect in field-dependent individuals,but there is no SNARC effect in field-independent individuals. |
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