From "weak Agent" To "strong Agent"

The practice of integration and linkage in urban community governance is becoming more and more common in modern China,which forms the model of holistic governance in community,aiming to overcome the difficulties of decentralization and fragmentation in urban community governance and realize the co-governance among multiple subjects effectively.This research takes the neighborhood committee(the combination of the Party and the Government composed by the community organization of the Communist Party of China and the urban community residents' committee),the leading institution of community governance,as the observation point and the object of analysis.The governance risk is brought into the theory of principalagent and used as the analysis frame to inspect the generation,operation and value of the model of holistic governance in community.Govern by proxy is a historical tradition and realistic choice of grassroots governance in China,it goes from the gentry agent in traditional society,to the administrative absorption of agent in the process of state building in modern times,to the unit agency after the founding of the People's Republic of China,and now the community neighborhood committee is playing the role of double agency.Agency involves two dimensions: direction and capability.There are many researches about the direction of the neighborhood committee,but few about its capability.Taking the W residential area of L Street in H District of Shanghai as a case,this paper studies the formation and operation process of the “Three Committees” linkage in the W residential area from the dimension of the capability of the agency.It is found that the capability of neighborhood committee has changed from powerless to powerful,which changed the governance risk in the dimensions of the state and the society,by this way,we can understand the model of holistic governance in community.Holistic governance in community originates from the goal of risk prevention in national governance.The neighborhood committees are in the state of powerless in the pattern of decentralized governance in communities.On the one hand,they are unable to implement administrative policies efficiently and then trigger the agency risk,on the other hand unable to respond to the demands from the residents effectively to deal with the social risk.Therefore,it is necessary to promote community governance from decentralization to unification.By the model of holistic governance in community,neighborhood committees become powerful.On the one hand,administrative policies are implemented effectively,on the other hand,residents' demands are responded timely,thus it is helpful to dissolve the agency risk and the social risk in the grassroots social governance.This model satisfies both the state and the society,and provides a feasible path for how the grassroots governance can be achieved by multiple governance,which is both favored by the Party,the government and the crowd,and it has also been accepted by other governing bodies,so it become more and more common in the context of the Peaceful China and harmonious community initiative.Holistic governance in community relies on the integration function of the Communist Party of China,and the effective operation of it can be achieved through co-administration and social presence.In order to make the holistic governance in community work efficiently,the relationship between holistic governance and autonomy should be clarified.Based on the increase of the autonomy space and the growth of the autonomous subject,the autonomy means a kind of state in which the subjects in the community can respond to the demands and solve the problems effectively without the intervention from the external forces,therefore,the administrative and the autonomy are not the opposite,and the promotion of the agent's capability can promote the realization of community autonomy.