Comprehensive Research On Rhyme-styled Lei-shu In Dunhuang Manuscripts

Typical Dunhuang Lei-shu can be divided into Event-itemed Lei-shu,Sentence-itemed Leishu,Rhyme-styled Lei-shu and Fu-styled Lei-shu.The Rhyme-styled Lei-shu contains eight kinds of Lei-shu named Yü-tui,Yin-chin,Wen-ch’ang-hsiu-chü,Tui-yü B,Lei-tz’u B,Lei-tz’u A,P.3622V+P.4034 V and T Ⅲ M Q23,a total of twenty-four manuscripts.The Rhyme-styled Lei-shu can be subdivided into three types: the first type includes Yü-tui,Lei-tz’u B,Lei-tz’u A,P.3622V+P.4034 V,T Ⅲ M Q23,which has classification of category and complete annotation;the second type includes Yin-chin and Wen-ch’ang-hsiu-chü,which has complete compilation format and narrative contents;the third type includes Dui Yu B,which has neither category nor annotation.In terms of style,the most typical one among the above rhyme-styled Lei-shu is Yü-tui,but the other two books,Yin-chin and Wen-ch’ang-hsiu-chü have their own characteristics.Dui Yu B just utilizes the rhetorical device,which uses similar or opposite stories of characters to form couplets as well.Actually,the Rhyme-styled Lei-shu is developed from Event-itemed Lei-shu and Sentence-itemed Lei-shu,which also promoted the emergence of Fu-styled Lei-shu.In terms of content,Yü-tui is the most complete,followed by Yin-chin,and the rest are mostly incomplete manuscripts.In terms of category,Yü-tui,Yin-chin,Wen-ch’ang-hsiu-chü and T Ⅲ M Q23 have collective categories with the same origin.In terms of citation,the Rhyme-styled Lei-shu often quotes the content of Ho-chuan and Lei-chuan in official history,especially the Ho-chuan and Lei-chuan in Han-shu and Hou-han-shu,which reflects the relationship between Lei-shu and Tsa-chuan in compilation thought as well as the transformation from Ho-chuan and Tsa-chuan to Lei-chuan and Lei-shu.In terms of function,the Rhyme-styled Lei-shu is closely related to literary creation,imperial examination,education and teaching,especially the imperial examination.With the development of imperial examination,the short and concise Rhyme-styled Lei-shu is the necessary book for candidates whether the imperial examination examines the interpretation of policies or the writing of poetry,Fu and essay.The Rhyme-styled Lei-shu is often used as "imperial examination guidance book",so the content of the Rhyme-styled Lei-shu coincides with the examination questions of imperial examinations in Tang Dynasty.All in all,the Rhyme-styled Lei-shu has a wide range of uses and far-reaching influence,and is often used as teaching materials by various schools as evidenced by the students’ draft in Dunhuang.Scholars in Dunhuang who learned from such Lei-shu applied many contents to their writing.Therefore,the contents of Lei-shu in Dunhuang are often seen in Miao-chen-tsan,Fa-yüen-wen and merit tablets.