| With the increase in precision poverty alleviation,the number of poor people in rural areas in China has greatly decreased,and the incidence of poverty has continued to decline.However,the poverty problem of special groups such as the elderly,the disabled,and children is still prominent,especially the female poverty will also be an important influencing factor for intergenerational transmission of poverty.Due to the large-scale transfer of rural male labor in China,the number of female-headed households and left-behind women's households has been increasing.Compared with other groups,most of them are under double pressure from production and life.At the same time,they are limited by their living environment and their own human capital,vacancy in interpersonal relationships within the family,and receive less external social support.The lack of social capital makes them more vulnerable to poverty.Many poor women face weak risks and high vulnerability when facing risk shocks such as diseases,natural risks,or other emergencies.By the end of 2020,China's rural areas will achieve comprehensive poverty alleviation,the issue of continuous poverty alleviation for special hardship groups will become a new focus.Poverty vulnerability is a measure of long-term stable poverty alleviation for special hardship groups.International experience shows that social capital,as an informal risk-taking tool,is a very important consumption smoothing method for rural families when facing risks and responding to consumer shocks,and plays a positive role in combating poverty.In fact,the impact of social capital on poor families is not an independent mechanism of action,but synergies with physical capital,human capital,and financial capital to stimulate endogenous motivation of poor families.The interaction between social capital and other capital can reduce the possibility of special groups encountering risk shocks,improve their ability to resist risks,and reduce poverty vulnerability.The full text is divided into seven chapters.The main research contents and important related conclusions are stated as follows:Research content 1:Description of poverty vulnerability in rural families in midwest China and analysis of its influencing factors.This section first uses the Vulnerability Expected Poverty Method(VEP)to measure the poverty vulnerability of sample families using micro data from the Chinese Family Tracking Survey Data(CFPS)in 2012,2014 and 2016.A descriptive statistical analysis of the measurement results found that the overall poverty vulnerability of China's midwest rural female-headed households was higher than that of male-headed households.Secondly,through statistics on the difference in the amount of livelihood capital owned by rural households in the midwest of China,it is found that,compared with male-headed households,female-headed households have a lower livelihood capital overall.Finally,the basic regression results of the impact factors of poverty vulnerability show that the proxy variable of human capital reflects the possibility of families encountering risk shocks,and the proxy variable of financial capital reflects the family's ability to resist risks,both of which significantly affect the poverty vulnerability of rural families in the midwest of China.Research content 2:The impact of social capital on family risk shocks in midwest ChinaThis part combines the theoretical analysis framework,further uses specific data to verify the mechanism of social capital's impact on household risk shocks,and compares the gender differences of this mechanism.The regression results show that social capital as a whole can promote the improvement of the health status of family members,reduce the likelihood of families being shocked by health risks,and thus reduce the poverty vulnerability of families.There is a gender difference in this role of social capital,and the role of social capital in promoting health is more pronounced in female-headed households.Research content 3:The impact of social capital on family risk resistance in midwest ChinaThis section combines the theoretical analysis framework,further uses specific data to verify the mechanism of social capital's impact on family risk resistance,and compares the gender differences in this mechanism.The regression results show that social capital as a whole can promote the acquisition of financial capital for rural families,enhance the family's ability to resist risks,and reduce the poverty vulnerability of families.There is also a gender difference in this role of social capital.Female-headed households mainly rely on strongly related social capital for informal lending,while male-headed households have an advantage in relying on weakly related social capital for formal lending.Based on the conclusions of the full text,this study puts forward corresponding policy recommendations:Due to the cross-existence of vulnerable families and poor families,the government should expand the target of targeted poverty alleviation from the perspective of vulnerability in the process of poverty alleviation.At the same time,It should establish a perfect feedback mechanism for poverty alleviation,and increase the concern of vulnerable families,timely discovery of the risk shocks that vulnerable families may encounter,and stop the impact of risk shocks on vulnerable families from the source,so as to avoid the emergence of new poor families and returning to poverty;Second,the poverty vulnerability of female-headed households should be paid more attention to.In the short term,the government can increase assistance to poor and vulnerable female-headed households;in the long term,it can formulate poverty alleviation policies from the perspective of increasing social capital.For example,the government can guide social organizations to provide support for female-headed households;give play to the role of commumity poverty alleviation,and help female-headed households to reduce poverty and reduce their vulnerability through technical training,spiritual support,and community solidarity. |
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