| Objective:To know the Guizhou province professional shooting athlete nutrition knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP)status and its related influencing factors.Exploring the12-week nutrition education in Guizhou province professional shooting athlete nutrition knowledge,dietary attitudes and dietary practice and its effect on brain alpha related neurotransmitters.In order to further improve the professional shooting athlete’s nutrition education content in Guizhou and provide theoretical basis to improve their dietary nutrition.Methods:Seventy-seven professional shooting athletes in Guizhou province were selected as the research objects by the census method.The questionnaire was designed by ourselves and an interview questionnaire was conducted to them.The survey content included the general condition of the athletes and the nutritional KAP.After that,the athletes were given 12-week nutrition education,which mainly included lectures on nutrition knowledge,group discussion,distribution of nutrition knowledge manuals for shooters,network information platform and other comprehensive education methods.After nutrition education,the same questionnaire was used to conduct nutritional KAP survey,cerebral alpha wave related neurotransmitters detection and dietary survey on professional shooting athletes in Guizhou Province.SPSS24.0software was used for data statistical analysis.By descriptive analysis of general demographic characteristics and normality test of the obtained data,it was found that the data did not fit the normal distribution.Therefore,the nutritional KAP score and the daily intake of precursor substances containing various synthetic neurotransmitters of professional shooting athletes in Guizhou Province were expressed by M(Ql～Qu).The nutritional KAP score was expressed as constituent ratio.The differences of nutritional KAP scores and total scores among different characteristics were compared in accordance with Mann-Whitney U test for two independent samples,and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test for multiple independent samples.The correlation between nutrition KAP score and different characteristics was analyzed by Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation,respectively.Multiple linear stepwise regression was used to analyze the total nutritional KAP score among various factors.Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the scores of nutritional KAP dimensions before and after nutrition education and the daily intake of precursor substances containing synthetic neurotransmitters from the diet.The scores of nutrition KAP and the proportion of people in normal range of neurotransmitters before and after education were compared by Chi-Square test or paired rank sum test(α=0.05).Results:1.The questionnaire results show that there are 77 professional shooting athletes in Guizhou province,including 42 men(54.55%),35 women(45.45%),28 training players(36.36%),8 national level two athletes(10.40%),29 national level one athletes(37.66%)and 12 national athletes(15.58%).The scoring rate of nutritional knowledge of shooting athletes in Guizhou province was 30.05%.The attitude score rate was 63.07%.The practice score rate was 69.50%.The nutritional KAP score and the total score were significantly different from the athletes’age(H=38.026),education level(H=46.856),sports level(H=50.000)and years of sports(H=41.124),respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).There were positive correlations between nutritional knowledge and attitude(r=0.435),attitude and practice(r=0.833)and knowledge and practice(r=0.286)among professional shooters in Guizhou Province(P<0.05).Spearman rank correlation analysis between the total nutritional KAP scores of professional shooters in Guizhou Province and various factors showed that their knowledge,attitude,practice and total scores were all positively correlated with age(r=0.662),education level(r=0.712),years of sports(r=0.610)and sports level(r=0.768)(P<0.05).Multivariate stepwise regression analysis was conducted on the nutritional KAP total score level of shooting athletes in Guizhou province.The results showed that sports level and education level were the main influencing factors for the nutritional KAP total score level of shooting athletes in Guizhou province,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).2.The results of nutrition education showed that the scores of nutrition knowledge(Z=-7.689),attitude(Z=-7.634)and practice(Z=-7.630)of professional shooters in Guizhou Province after intervention were all higher than those before intervention(P<0.01).In terms of nutritional knowledge,the scoring rate of professional shooters in Guizhou was higher than that before intervention(P<0.001).In terms of dietary attitude,the attitude score rate of professional shooters in Guizhou province was higher than that before intervention(P<0.001).In terms of dietary practice,the frequency of eating milk(χ~2=158.107),bean products(χ~2=96.450),fruits(χ~2=86.668),vegetables(χ~2=86.779),coarse grains(χ~2=99.457),livestock and meat(χ~2=111.055)and aquatic products(χ~2=111.610)of professional shooting athletes in Guizhou were higher than those before intervention(P<0.05).The frequency of bad eating practice such as night snack(χ~2=193.674),snack(χ~2=191.189),drinking(χ~2=187.215),bad lifestyle practice such as smoking(χ~2=185.196)and staying up late(χ~2=165.706)were all lower than before intervention(P<0.001),and the frequency of good eating practice such as reasonable extra meal(χ~2=86.000)and breakfast(χ~2=86.000)during training were all higher than before intervention(P<0.001).Guizhou province professional shooters after the nutrition education from daily food intake in the synthesis of a precursor of the GABA glutamic acid(Z=-2.120),a precursor of the synthesis of DA tyrosine(Z=-2.366)and phenylalanine(Z=-2.201),a precursor of the synthesis of 5-HT tryptophan(Z=-2.028)and the synthesis of a precursor of the Ach lecithin(Z=-2.197),average daily were higher than before,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After nutrition education,the number of professional shooters in Guizhou province in the normal range of alpha wave related GABA(χ~2=6.244),5-HT(χ~2=22.051),ACH(χ~2=36.891)and DA(χ~2=21.066)increased compared with that before the intervention,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:1.The professional shooting athletes in Guizhou Province have A low level of nutritional knowledge in KAP,which is mainly manifested as the lack of vitamin A,B1,minerals zinc,calcium and other nutrients closely related to their occupational characteristics,the lack of initiative in dietary attitude and some unreasonable dietary practice.In addition,the sports level and education level are the main factors affecting the nutritional KAP level of professional shooters in Guizhou Province.Therefore,the two factors should be combined to develop the corresponding nutritional education and other intervention measures for the nutritional KAP problems of professional shooters in Guizhou Province.2.Nutrition education can play a certain role in promoting the professional shooters in Guizhou Province to understand the nutrition knowledge closely related to their professional characteristics,to be active and active in dietary attitude,and to form a good diet and life practice habits.3.Nutrition education can promote the reasonable intake of synthetic GABA,5-HT,DA and Ach,the four neurotransmitter precursors,in the diet of professional shooters in Guizhou province,and help to make their brain alpha-wave related neurotransmitters tend to the normal level,so as to stabilize the mood and psychology of professional shooters in Guizhou province. |
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