The Study On Dreyfus’ S View Of Embodied Technology

Hubert Dreyfus is one of the representatives of American Phenomenological Philosophy of technology.In his investigation of many human technological phenomena,he also uses the basic viewpoints and methods of phenomenology.It is his unique phenomenological vision that makes him occupy an important position in the field of American philosophy of technology.This paper mainly analyzes a specific thought in Dreyfus’ s phenomenological philosophy of Technology: Embodied Technology.The word "embodiment" is translated from abroad.Sometimes some scholars call it "involving body","embodied" or "embodied" and so on.It mainly describes the relationship between people’s physiological experience and psychological state.According to Dreyfus,embodied technology is the product of the development of technological artifacts to a certain stage.At this time,technology can bear the intentional structure of "existing in the world" like human beings,that is,the question "can machines think?" put forward by Turing,the father of computer science,has been answered positively by Embodied Technology.However,Dreyfus believes that the realization of embodied technology requires certain conditions.According to the current situation,embodied technology or artificial intelligence still has a long way to go and needs to be constantly tested.Firstly,this thesis analyzes the realistic background and theoretical origin of Dreyfus’ s embodied technology view.The realistic background mainly comes from two aspects.First,Dreyfus was employed as a technical consultant by Rand Corporation in 1965.During this period,he published a research report "artificial intelligence and alchemy",which posed a major theoretical challenge to the artificial intelligence research led by Rand Corporation itself;The second is Dreyfus’ s inaugural speech "overcoming the myth of the soul" in 2004,which directly pointed at the content of Mc Dowell’s conceptual theory,which triggered a series of debates between them.From the theoretical origin of Dreyfus’ s embodied technology view,it mainly comes from the thoughts of three people,namely Husserl,Heidegger and Merleau Ponty.After careful analysis,Husserl’s phenomenological method,Heidegger’s existential phenomenology and Merleau Ponty’s body phenomenology have become the three sources of Dreyfus’ s theory.It is the rational elements of these thoughts that affect Dreyfus’ view of Embodied Technology.Secondly,it mainly discusses Dreyfus’ s phenomenological reduction process of Embodied Technology.The purpose of phenomenological reduction is to grasp the essence of Embodied Technology and reveal the relationship between embodied technology and real body.He used phenomenological methods to investigate people’s real body,survival experience and the tools and technologies used by human beings to survive in the world,and finally came to the conclusion that man-machine symbiosis exists in the world.Thirdly,it mainly combs Dreyfus’ discussion on the basic links of embodied technology practice.Dreyfus believes that the essentials will be a tool or technology.We should not only investigate its properties,but also know how to use it.Taking artificial intelligence as an example,he mainly analyzes the philosophical hypothesis of artificial intelligence,including clarifying the limitations of previous semiotic and connectionist artificial intelligence,and believes that it is necessary to reconstruct artificial intelligence through body phenomenology,but now there has been body phenomenological artificial intelligence Freeman’s animal nerve research model,He can prove from experience that embodied technology has achieved initial success.At this time,Dreyfus believes that due to the uncertainty of the development path of artificial intelligence,it is necessary to constantly test the embodied technology,so he puts forward two test criteria: whether the binding problem can be solved and whether the framework problem can be solved.However,these two problems have been resolved in body phenomenology,so he concluded that intelligent behavior is a kind of embodied behavior,and artificial intelligence can succeed only if it has the same embodied nature as human beings.Dreyfus’ thought of embodied technology not only has certain contributions,but also has limitations.Firstly,it strengthens the communication between science and technology and phenomenology.Undoubtedly,as an important American phenomenologist,it fills the gap in the field of science and technology,and enriches the theory in the field of Embodied Technology.There is always a two-way interaction and mutual influence between science and technology and phenomenology.Phenomenology provides reference for the development of science and technology in speculation,and the development of science and technology provides richer perceptual materials for phenomenology.Second,Dreyfus’ s view of embodied technology solves the problems left by rationalist philosophy,which is mainly reflected in his analysis of Mc Dowell’s conceptual theory and his criticism from the standpoint of existential phenomenology.Thirdly,his theory also predicts the development prospect of artificial intelligence.But at the same time,we should also pay attention to the limitations of Dreyfus’ s concept of Embodied Technology,such as overemphasizing body perception and perceptual experience and ignoring the role of rationality in embodied behavior.Dreyfus’ s embodied technology view involves many fields,such as computer science,artificial intelligence technology,Internet technology,pedagogy,sociology,psychology and cognitive science,but many contents are only based on descriptive phenomenological methods,such as ideal arc,maximum grasp,skilled response,etc.These ontological structures are only the concretization of description,It was not further confirmed by analysis.Finally,because Dreyfus has long been critical of artificial intelligence,he has a tendency of technical pessimism.