| Water is the lifeline of human survival,economic development and social progress,and an important material basis for sustainable development.With the rapid development of economy and society,the increase of population and the acceleration of urbanization,the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resource in China is becoming increasingly serious,and the demand for sustainable development of water resource,economy and society is becoming more and more urgent.Strengthening water resource management,promoting the rational development of water resource,improving the efficiency and benefit of water resource utilization and realizing the sustainable utilization of water resource are the important tasks of contemporary water conservancy work.Under the condition of market economy,it is an important measure to optimize the allocation of water resource and strengthen the conservation and protection of water resource to carry out the trade of water rights with the combination of administrative management and market mechanism.China officially started the pilot work of water rights trading in 2015,and this work has been basically completed.Through the empirical analysis of water rights trading pilot policy’s effect and its mechanism of action in our country,we can deeply understand the path of water rights trading policy impacting on water resource utilization efficiency,and this has a realistic significance to further improve water rights trading mechanism,establish and improve water rights trading market,improve water resource utilization efficiency and make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources.This paper firstly reviews the recent researches on water resource utilization efficiency,water rights trading and pilot water rights trading in China,and mainly summarizes the shortcomings of the measurement methods of water resource utilization efficiency and empirical researches on the role of pilot water rights trading in China.Then,based on the indepth analysis of the concept and theoretical basis of water rights trading and the mechanism of improving the utilization efficiency of tradable water resource,the possible influence mechanism of water rights trading on water resource utilization efficiency is proposed.Then,the relevant system and practices of water rights trading in pilot provinces of China are introduced,and the water resource utilization efficiencies of 31 provinces in China’s mainland from 2005 to 2019 are calculated by using superefficiency global SBM model of undesirable output.At the same time,the changes of water resource utilization efficiency in China and the water rights trading pilot provinces are analyzed from the spatio-temporal dimensions.Based on the calculation results of water resources utilization efficiency,the regression control method is used to conduct counterfactual analysis on the water rights trading policy,and the mediation effect model is used to test the possible influence mechanism of water rights trading policy to improve water resource utilization efficiency.The conclusion is drawn as follows:1.The calculation results of water resource utilization efficiency show that the average level of water resource utilization in China is not high in recent decades in terms of time,and there is a large space for improvement.From the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics,the regional differences of water resource utilization efficiency in each province are great,and the overall distribution state is “high in the east and low in the west,high in the coastal areas and low in the inland areas”.Temporal variation trend and heterogeneity variation of water resource utilization efficiency in pilot provinces reflect the improvement of water rights trading policy on water resource utilization efficiency to a certain extent.2.Water rights trading policy evaluation results based on regression control method show that water rights trading policy has a significantly positive role in water resource utilization efficiency of pilot provinces,and the results of placebo test show that the effects of water rights trading policies in four pilot provinces promoting water resource utilization efficiency are significant under the 10% level of statistical level,and the promotion effects are regional differences,Guangdong’s policy effect is significantly higher than the other three pilot provinces,Henan and Inner Mongolia’s policy effects are better than Gansu’s,which may be related to the level of water resource utilization and the specific form of water rights trading in the pilot provinces.3.By examining the mechanism of water rights trading policy’s influence on water resource utilization efficiency,it is found that water rights trading policy can effectively promote adjustment of water use structure,encourage water saving and improve reclaimed water reusing,and then improve water resource utilization efficiency.The mediating effect of reclaimed water reusing is the highest,followed by adjustment of water use structure,and the mediating effect of water saving was the lowest. |
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