Effect Of Earthworm Manure With Desulphurization Gypsum And Phosphate Mineral Powder On Soil Properties And Vegetable Quality In Facilities

In response to the phenomenon of successive crops of vegetables in the facility,which led to massive nutrient loss from the soil,increased soil pests and diseases,and damage to the soil microbiological environment,earthworm manure,FGD and phosphate powder were applied to the soil as a single or combined treatment.(3)50 t/ha earthworm manure+2.5 t/ha desulphurization gypsum(VG);(4)50 t/ha earthworm manure+2.5 t/ha phosphate powder(VP);(5)50 t/ha earthworm manure+2.5 t/ha desulphurization gypsum+2.5 t/ha phosphate powder(VGP).The effect of different soil conditioners on the degraded soil of the facility was revealed to provide scientific basis and technical guidance for improving the soil environment of the facility.The main conclusions are as follows:1.Effects of earthworm manure,FGD and phosphate powder on soil properties and cucumber quality(1)Earthworm manure with FGD and phosphate powder was better than the control treatment in terms of soil physical and chemical properties of cucumber.Compared with CK and V,VG treatment significantly reduced soil bulking weight and increased water content,compared with CK treatment,VG soil bulking weight decreased by 50.41%and soil water content increased by 102.61%;VG,VP and VGP all improved soil total nitrogen and organic matter content,among which VGP treatment performed best.In general,the combined application of earthworm manure,phosphate powder and FGD gypsum improved soil physical and chemical properties better than the combined application of earthworm manure and FGD gypsum.(2)The RDA analysis showed that soil total nitrogen content and soil bulk density were the environmental factors that affected the bacterial community the most,explaining 75.53%of the community variation,while soil total nitrogen content and soil bulk density were the environmental factors that affected the fungal community the most,explaining 86.93%of the community variation.The total soil porosity and soil bulk density were the main controlling soil factors affecting the distribution of fungal microbial communities in each treatment.(3)By measuring the effect of different amendments on the growth and development of cucumber,it can be seen that the V treatment increases the leaf area of the plant compared to CK,and the V and VP treatments increase the chlorophyll content of the plant leaves.For watermelon fruit quality yield,the soluble matter,soluble sugar and vitamin C content of VGP treatment increased by 7.71%,19.23%and 18.46%compared with CK,and the difference in cucumber yield between treatments was not significant and increased by 9.51%compared with CK.The comprehensive evaluation concluded that the application of the three improvers improved the quality of cucumber,among which the VGP treatment had the most The VGP treatment had the most significant effect on the quality and yield of cucumber.The average D value of each treatment was ranked as VGP>VG>VP>V>CK according to the comprehensive analysis of the affiliation function,indicating that the earthworm manure+FGD gypsum+phosphate powder(VGP)treatment was the best,i.e.the combination of earthworm manure,FGD gypsum and phosphate powder had the best effect on soil physical and chemical properties,cucumber fruit quality and other traits,and was the best treatment in this study.2.Effects of earthworm manure,FGD and phosphate powder on soil properties and watermelon quality(1)Earthworm manure with FGD and phosphate mineral powder affected changes in watermelon soil better than the control and V treatments in terms of soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities.Compared with the CK treatment,the VG-VGP treatments significantly increased water content by 12.47%～82.63%,total porosity by 6.31%～19.90%;total nitrogen content by 11.76%～100%,fast-acting phosphorus content by 36.08%～113.86%,organic matter content by 1.98%～80.29%,soil Sucrase,phosphatase and urease activities were significantly increased,and each treatment reduced the content of Bi,Cd,Ba,Ni,Pb and Hg elements.The comprehensive analysis concluded that the addition of single earthworm manure,phosphate mineral powder,FGD gypsum or a mixture of the three could improve soil quality,nutrient content,soil enzyme activity and reduce soil heavy metal pollution.(2)The response between soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community richness at the phylum level was analysed by RDA,and the results showed that EC,soil water content,soil porosity,fast-acting N,total N,organic matter,fast-acting P,fast-acting K,sucrase and phosphatase were positively correlated with bacterial communities;soil bulk density,pH and catalase were positively correlated with fungal community richness,therefore,earthworm manure,phosphate ore meal and Therefore,the treatment with earthworm manure,phosphate powder and desulphurized gypsum increased the bacterial and fungal abundance by enhancing the key soil indicators.(3)Compared with the CK treatment,the soluble solids and soluble sugars of the VG treatment increased significantly by 4.06%and 32.25%,respectively,and the watermelon yield of each treatment increased significantly by 9.27%-12.10%,among which the VGP treatment had a significant yield increase of 3079.32 kg/667m2.The results showed that earthworm manure,FGD gypsum and phosphate powder were ranked as VGP>V>VP>VG>CK,indicating that earthworm manure+FGD gypsum+phosphate powder(VGP)treatment could effectively improve the growth and development of watermelon plants,and effectively improve the deteriorated soil.