Analysis Of The Fine Genetic Structure And Evolutionary History Of Han And Korean In Eastern Liaoning By Whole-genome Microarray Typing

Objective By studying the genetic structure of the Liaodong population,the relationship between the Liaodong population and other East Asian populations was determined,and the origin,development and mixing history of the Liaodong population was explored.Methods Based on the principle of informed consent and according to the survey method of random sampling,64 adult individuals(41 cases of Han nationality and 23 cases of Korean nationality)who had not relations within 3generations in Dandong and Dalian of Liaoning Province were selected as genetic research objects.2ml of their saliva was collected to extract genomic DNA,and IIIumina sequencing method was adopted.Infinium Global Screening Array(GSA)was selected for sequencing analysis.The data obtained were combined with public data(Human Origin,1240K)to obtain data sets containing 40799 and 111106 SNPS,respectively.PCA,ADMIXTURE,FST,f3,f4,qp Wave and qp Adm,qp Graph,Tree Mix and other methods were applied for analysis,to determine the genetic expression of the Liaodong population and the relationship between Han and Korean and other East Asian populations,to explore the origin,development and mixing history of the Liaodong population.Results1.The results of PCA,ADMIXTURE,FST,Outgroup-f3 and Tree Mix analysis showed that,compared with other Eurasian populations,Liaodong Han and Liaoning Manchu shared more alleles,showing obvious genetic similarity.The Liaodong Koreans have more genetic similarities with the Liaoning Manchu,Japan and Korea.At the same time,the Liaodong Han and the Korean also showed a close genetic relationship with the Liaoning Manchu,the Northern and Southern Han,Japan,Korea,Liaoning Mongolian and other geographically closer populations.2.The results of Admixture-f3,f4 analysis,qp Wave and qp Adm analysis showed that the Han nationality in eastern Liaoning had gene flow from the Yellow River basin,the West Liaohe River basin,the Mongolian Plateau people and the Amur River basin in the Neolithic Age,Bronze Age and Iron Age.The gene flow of the eastern Liaodong Dynasty is derived from the Yellow River basin,the West Liaohe River basin,the Amur River basin and the Mongolian Plateau people in the Neolithic,Bronze and Iron Ages.The Liaodong Han nationality can be modeled as the ancient people of the Yellow River Basin in the Neolithic period,the ancient people of the West Liaohe River Basin,the ancient people of the Mongolian Plateau,the Mohe people,the Xianbei people,the Devils Cave people of the Russian Far East Coastal Frontier Region,and the southern people represented by the Hanben people of Taiwan in the Iron Age and the ancient people of the coastal Fujian Province in the Neolithic period A mixture of The northern component accounts for 66.3% to 80.6%.Meanwhile,Han people share more alleles with miliary farmers in the Neolithic Yellow River basin and ancient Taiwanese people in the Iron age.The proportion of alleles in miliary farmers in the Yellow River Basin and ancient Taiwanese people in the iron age is 78.7%,21.3%.The Liaodong Korean nationality can be modeled as the north group represented by the ancient people of the Yellow River Basin,the ancient people of the West Liaohe River Basin,the ancient people of the Mongolian Plateau,the Mohe and Xianbei group,the Devils Cave ancient people of the Russian Far East Coastal Frontier Region,and the South group represented by the Hanben ancient people of Taiwan in the Iron Age and the ancient people of the coastal people of Fujian in the Neolithic age Mixing of groups.The northern component accounts for 66.9% to 88.6%.At the same time,the Korean people and Neolithic millet farming population in the Yellow River basin and the ancient people in Taiwan during the Iron age enjoyed more alleles,accounting for 81.6% of the millet farming population in the Yellow River basin and 17.4% of the ancient people in Han Ben in Taiwan during the Iron age.3.The results of qp Graph analysis showed that the Yellow River basin and West Liaohe River basin millet farming population were the main gene contributors,and their related components accounted for 51.0%-98.0%.Amur River basin and Mongolian Plateau population are also genetic contributors of Liaodong Han,accounting for 49% of the relevant components.In addition,17.0% of the ancient people in southern East Asia and 2.0% of the ancient people in western Eurasia contributed.The Yellow River basin and West Liaohe River basin millet farming population are the main gene contributors,and the related components account for 61.0% to 84.0% of the Liaodong Korean population.The Amur River basin population is also the gene contributor of the Liaodong Han nationality,and its related components account for 16.0%-39.0%.Conclusions1.Compared with other Eurasian populations,the Liaodong Han population shows higher genetic similarity with other northern Han and Liaoning Manchu populations.2.The Yellow River Basin,West Liao River Basin,Amur River basin and Mongolian Plateau ancient people are the main ancestral sources of the Liaodong Han.Our study further supports the northern origin hypothesis.3.Compared with other Eurasian populations,Liaodong Koreans show higher genetic similarity with Japanese,Liaoning Manchu,Korean,and Han populations.4.The millet farming people in the Yellow River basin,the West Liaohe River basin and the Amur River basin are the main ancestral sources of the Liaodong Korean people,which further supports the hypothesis of the northern origin of the Korean.