Study On The Utilization Of Plant Resources In Zhaolin Park Of Harbin During The Breeding Period Of Wild Mandarin Duck(Aix Galericulata) Population

With the gradual acceleration of urbanization,the changes of urban green space and urban vegetation structure derived from urbanization provide sufficient plant resources and habitats for wild birds living in urban habitats.More and more birds are beginning to use urban green space to successfully survive and reproduce in urban ecosystems.Mandarin duck(Aix galericulata),as a small and medium-sized water bird that has attracted public attention in Harbin,it has important reference significance in the protection of anatidae in urban green space habitats.Although related studies have preliminarily explored the reproductive ecology of mandarin duck in urban green spaces,there is still no quantitative study on how mandarin duck use plant resources in urban habitats.In order to provide a scientific basis for the protection of urban wild birds represented by mandarin duck,the plant resources in Zhaolin Park and Sun Island National Wetland Park were investigated by quadrat method.At the same time,the utilization of plant resources during the breeding period of wild mandarin duck population in Zhaolin Park was analyzed by fecal microscopic analysis method,and the main vegetation characteristic factors affecting the utilization of plant resources during the breeding period of wild mandarin duck population in Zhaolin Park were comprehensively evaluated.In this study,plant resource diversity was investigated in Zhaolin Park(mandarin duck foraging breeding grounds)and Sun Island National Wetland Park(mandarin duck night habitat)from April to July 2022.205 fecal samples of wild mandarin duck population were collected in Zhaolin Park during the breeding period of mandarin duck from April to July of2021-2022.A total of 60280 plant debris were identified by fecal microscopic analysis.The main vegetation characteristic factors affecting the utilization of plant resources by wild mandarin duck population in Zhaolin Park were further explored by principal component analysis.The main results are as follows :(1)The results of plant resource diversity survey in Zhaolin Park from April to July 2022 showed that a total of 32 families and 72 species of plant resources were investigated.Among them,herbaceous plants are the most(48 species in 25 families),and there are 21 species of alien plants in 11 families,all of which are herbaceous plants.Followed by shrubs(7 families,15 species),there are only 6 families and 10 species of trees.The diversity of herbaceous plant resources was different in different periods during the breeding period of mandarin duck.The diversity of herbaceous plant resources was the highest in the hatching period(May-June),and the diversity of herbaceous plant resources was the lowest in the mating period(April-May).(2)The survey results of plant resources in the mating period(April-May)of mandarin duck in 2022 showed that compared with Sun Island National Wetland Park(133 species in 49families),Zhaolin Park had low plant resource diversity(62 species in 28 families)and low proportion of exotic plants(35.74%).(3)The results of fecal microscopic analysis showed that Ulmus pumila(30.61%±9.04%),Ixeris chinensis(10.23% ± 5.03%)were the main plant resources used by mandarin duck during the breeding period.From the perspective of the utilization of plant resources by mandarin duck,the wild mandarin duck population in Zhaolin Park mainly used the leaves(64.63%±4.06%),seeds(21.10%±4.86%)and stems(12.10%±2.73%)of plant resources in Zhaolin Park during the breeding period.(4)The results of principal component analysis showed that the important value factor of plants(43.167% ± 0.918%)had the greatest influence on the utilization of plant resources,followed by food factor and invasive plant factor.This shows that the importance value of plant resources in the environment determines the utilization of plant resources by the wild mandarin duck population in Zhaolin Park.