| The ecosystem service function plays a vital role in human life,economic and ecological development.With the continuous development of human society,especially the rapid development of the energy industry,Qinshui coalfield ecosystem is facing unprecedented challenges.Therefore,the ecosystem service function of Qinshui Coalfield is comprehensively evaluated to achieve ecological protection.This paper first uses the In VEST model to evaluate the ecosystem service functions of water supply,soil conservation and carbon storage in Qinshui Coalfield in 1991,2000,2010 and2020,analyzes the space-time evolution characteristics of various ecosystem services and changes in different land use types,then analyzes the cold and hot spots of service functions,and explores the relationship between the three services,and finally takes the ecosystem service functions of Qinshui Coalfield in 2020 as an example,select the influencing factors and use the geographical detector to identify the influencing factors of the three ecosystem service functions.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Assessment of water supply:from 1991 to 2020,the water supply function of Qinshui Coalfield showed a downward trend and then an upward trend.From 1991 to2020,the average water supply increased by 88.22 mm,and the water supply volume increased by 3.3×10~9m~3;The water supply function is high in the north and south,and low in the middle.The water supply in 68.54%of the region is in a significant growth state;The order of water supply in land use types is as follows:cultivated land>grassland>forest land>construction land>water body>bare land,of which the proportion of water supply in cultivated land is the largest,with an average of 44.63%,followed by forest land and grassland,with an average of 22.62%and 27.82%respectively;In 1991,2000,2010 and 2020,the non-significant area in the analysis of cold and hot spots of water supply in the study area accounted for a relatively large proportion.The low value concentration areas of water supply represented by cold spots and sub-cold spots were mainly distributed in the western part of the mining area,and the fluctuation range was small.The high value concentration areas of water supply represented by hot spots and sub-hot spots were mainly distributed in the southern and northern parts of the mining area.(2)Assessment of soil conservation:the soil conservation function of Qinshui Coalfield showed a downward trend and then an upward trend from 1991 to 2020,and the total amount of soil conservation increased by 1.10 from 1991 to 2020×10~9t,its soil conservation per unit area increased by 294.97 t/km~2;The soil conservation function showed a pattern of high in the northwest and low in the southeast,and 75.06%of the soil per unit area remained basically unchanged;The order of soil conservation in land use types is:grassland>forest land>cultivated land>construction land>water body>bare land,among which the soil conservation of grassland is the largest,with an average proportion of 41.11%,followed by forest land and grassland,with an average proportion of 34.04%and 23.39%respectively;In 1991,2000,2010 and 2020,the non-significant area in the analysis of cold and hot spots of soil conservation in the study area was relatively large.From the perspective of space,the low value accumulation areas of soil conservation represented by cold spots and sub-cold spots were mainly distributed in the northwest and southeast of the mining area,and the range of variation and fluctuation was small.The high value accumulation areas of soil conservation represented by hot spots and sub-hot spots were mainly distributed in the south and central areas of the mining area,and the high value areas changed greatly in the spatial pattern.(3)Assessment of carbon storage:from 1991 to 2020,the carbon storage function of Qinshui Coalfield increased year by year,but the increase was small.The carbon storage increased by 1.5%from 1991 to 2020 1.0×10~7t,its carbon storage per unit area increased by 214.46t/km~2;The carbon storage function presents a pattern of high in the east and west and low in the south and north.The carbon storage in most regions is basically unchanged,accounting for 77.88%;The order of carbon storage of land use types is:forest land>grassland>cultivated land>water body.The carbon storage of forest land is the largest,with an average of 46.71%;In 1991,2000,2010and 2020,the research area of carbon storage cold and hot spots in the study area accounted for a relatively large proportion.The low value accumulation areas of carbon storage represented by cold spots and sub-cold spots were mainly distributed in the northwest and southeast of the mining area,and the fluctuation range was small.The high value accumulation areas of carbon storage represented by hot spots and sub-hot spots were mainly distributed in the central area of the mining area.(4)Based on the analysis of ecosystem service trade-off and synergy,the relationship between the three ecosystem services in Qinshui Coalfield is different,among which water supply and soil conservation are mainly synergy,and the space presents a balance between the north and the south,and the middle is coordinated;Soil conservation and carbon storage are dominated by synergy,while water supply and carbon storage are dominated by trade-offs.However,the spatial distribution pattern of the two is similar,showing a blocky"sandwich distribution"around the whole Qinshui coalfield,that is,from south to north,showing a"trade-off-synergy-trade-off"distribution.(5)Based on the geographical detector to identify the influencing factors of ecosystem services,the explanatory power of natural factors is higher than that of social factors in general.In the single factor detection,the highest explanatory power of water supply is precipitation,followed by evapotranspiration;The slope has the highest explanatory power for soil conservation,followed by NDVI;The highest explanatory power of carbon storage is land use type,followed by NDVI.In the two-factor detection,the synergetic factor with the highest explanatory power in the interaction of water supply function is rainfall and land use type,followed by evapotranspiration and land use type;In the interaction of soil conservation function,the effect of synergetic factors is basically similar to that of single factors,and NDVI and elevation have the highest explanatory power;Among the interactions of carbon storage functions,the most explanatory synergetic factors are land use type and NDVI. |
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