Study On Bird Diversity In Beichuan River Source Area National Nature Reserve And Its Surrounding Areas Of Datong,Qinghai Province

In order to understand the diversity and distribution status of bird community structure in Datong Beichuan River Source Area National Nature Reserve and its surrounding areas,the reserve and its surrounding areas were divided into four sample areas: Dongxia,Baoku,Niuchang and Qinglin,according to the scope of four conservation centers.A systematic survey was conducted from September 2021 to July 2022 using the sample line method on birds in eight habitats of farmland,artificial forest,natural shrub,natural forest,river wetland,alpine shrub,alpine meadow grassland and alpine screes beach in the reserve and its surrounding areas.The main research results are as follows:(1)A total of 19,202 birds of 132 species were recorded in the field survey.Combined with the literature,194 species of wild birds,belonging to 124 genera of46 families in 17 orders,are known to be distributed in the reserve and its surrounding areas.Among them,Passeriformes accounted for 116 species(59.49%).The Anseriformes followed with 16 species(8.21%),Charadriiformes and Accipitriformes accounted for 13 species(6.70%),and the other orders had fewer than 10 species.There were 4 dominant species,20 common species,44 rare species,and 64 occasional species in the reserve and its surrounding areas.(2)In terms of avifauna,birds are mainly widespread species,with 168 species(86.60%),25 Palaearctic species(12.89%),and 1 Oriental species(0.52%)were predominant.In terms of residencet type,78 resident birds(40.21%)were the most common species,followed by 47 passage migrant(24.23%),45 summer migratory birds(23.20%),and 24 winter migratory birds(12.37%).There were 117 species of songbirds(60.31%),25 species of recreational birds(12.89%),18 species of raptors(9.28%),15 species of waders(7.73%),12 species of land birds(6.19%)and 7species of climbing birds(3.61%).(3)There were 7 species(3.61%)of national Class Ⅰ key protected birds and 26species(13.40%)of national Class Ⅱ key protected birds.Two species(1.03%),one(0.51%)and seven(3.59%)are classified as endangered(EN),vulnerable(VU)and near threatened(NT)by the IUCN Red List of World’s Threatened Animals.Two species(1.03%)of birds listed as endangered(EN),six species(3.09%)of vulnerable(VU),and 19 species(9.79%)of near threatened(NT)birds by China Red List of Vertebrates.A total of 158 bird species(81.44%)were listed in the List of Terrestrial Wildlife of Important Ecological,scientific and social Value;13 species(6.70%)were endemic to China;9 new bird species(4.64%)were found in the reserve and its surrounding areas.(4)The number of bird species and Margalef index were the highest in the Baoku.The Pielou index,Simpson index and G-F index was the highest in the Niuchang.The Shannon-Wiener index of Dongxia were the highest.The similarity coefficients of bird communities in different areas ranged from 0.608 to 0.767,and the similarity of bird communities in Niuchang and Qinglin was the highest,while the similarity of bird communities in Dongxia and Niuchang was the lowest.(5)The number of bird species,Margalef index and G-F index were the highest in spring.The Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou index and Simpson index were the highest in summer.The similarity coefficients of bird communities in different seasons ranged from 0.630 to 0.766,with the highest similarity of bird communities in autumn and winter,and the lowest similarity of bird communities in summer and winter.(6)The natural shrub habitat had the highest number of bird species;the alpine meadow grassland habitat had the highest Shannon-Wiener index,Margalef index and Simpson index;the alpine shrub had the highest Pielou index and G-F index;the alpine screes habitat had the lowest number of species,and all index were the lowest.The similarity coefficients of bird communities between different habitats ranged from 0 to 0.610,with the highest similarity between artificial forest habitat and natural forest habitat;the lowest similarity was found between river wetland habitat,alpine screes beach habitat and other habitats.(7)The vertical distribution of birds showed a medium peak pattern,and the number of species first increased and then decreased with the increase of altitude.The number of bird species was the highest at 2 700 m~2 900 m,and all index were the highest.The number of bird species greater than 3 700 m was the lowest,and all index were the lowest.The similarity coefficients of bird communities ranged from 0.224 to 0.971,and the similarity coefficients of bird communities at 2 500 m to 2700 m and 2 700 m to 2 900 m were the highest.The similarity of bird communities at 2 700 m~2 900 m and larger than 3 700 m was the lowest.The research shows that Datong Beichuan River Source Area National Nature Reserve and its surrounding areas are rich in bird species,which is the habitat and breeding ground for many birds,as well as an important migration channel for a variety of migratory birds,as well as an important migration channel for many kinds of migratory birds.This study further supplemented the basic data of birds and provided a certain scientific basis for bird monitoring and protection in the reserve and its surrounding areas.