Discussion On Muons Excess In Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Of Extensive Air-Showers

In recent years,several air shower observatories have established that the number of muons produced in ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray of extensive air-showers is significantly larger than that predicted by models.This study points out that when ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays scattering on air particles,gluon condensation may occur.At this time,the production of strange quarks will be greatly enhanced,so that more Kaon will be generated in the fragmentation products,and the energy of the air shower will be more distributed to the hadron cascade,which may explain the muon puzzle.In this paper,we briefly introduce the current theoretical analysis of the muon excess problem,and focus on the introduction and analysis of the fireball model and the π-k exchange model,explore their images of the evolution of atmospheric showers,and explain the physical mechanism of muon excess.Then introduce the main work of the article,using the gluon condensation model to explore the phenomenon of muon excess.The gluon condensation model is a theory proposed in recent years.Under this model,we assume that gluon condensation occurs in ultra high-energy cosmic ray atmospheric showers,and find that the generation of strange quarks is stronger than that in the state of quark-gluon plasma.At the same time,if the influence of baryon chemical potential is considered,the production rate of strange quarks can be greatly enhanced,so that the production rate of kaons in fragmented hadrons increases.And correspondingly,the energy transferred to the electromagnetic shower process in the cascading shower process is reduced.Muons are produced by the decay of kaons,which can explain the phenomenon of muon excess...