Comparative Analysis Of Gut Microbiota And Food Composition Of Three Sympatric Overwintering Birds In Caohai,Weining

Gut microbiota is like a huge reservoir,where countless microorganisms coexist with the host.Some gut microbiota that are beneficial to the host can also participate in the general metabolism of the body and form a mutually beneficial and win-win relationship with the host.The structure of gut microbiota is not static,but will be adjusted with the change of external factors,so as to avoid the disorder of gut microbiota and make the host better adapt to the environment.Food is one of the factors known to change the gut microbiota.Understanding the relationship between diet and gut microbiota will help us to carry out other further research,as well as help us understand the dietary preferences of wild animals,so as to better protect wild animals.Black-necked cranes,gray cranes and zebra headed geese are the most common wintering birds in Weining Caohai,Guizhou Province.The three species can spontaneously gather in the same farmland,marsh and grassland for food.Previous studies have helped us understand the coexistence mechanism of black-necked cranes and gray cranes from the perspective of ecological environment.We also need to understand the link between food and gut microbiota.Fecal samples were collected from Huangcang Village and Laonipo in the north of Caohai in the winter of2020 and 2021.Fecal samples of gray cranes were collected from Lijia Cyanine in the south of Caohai in 2021.After the identification of Caosea fecal samples,the plant was identified by using the Illumina Mi Seq platform,using the bacterial 16 S V3～V4 region primers for amplification,and using DNA barcoding technology and chloroplast rbcl gene.The black-necked cranes,grey cranes and bar-headed geese foraging in Huangcang Village of Caohai were taken as Project 1 to analyze the microscopic mechanism of sympatry coexistence of the three species.The intestinal microflora and feeding preference of black-necked cranes and gray cranes collected in Huangcang Village and Laonipo in 2021 were compared with those of black-necked cranes and gray cranes collected in Huangcang Village in 2020 as Project 2 to analyze the impact of food changes on the intestinal microflora of different individuals.Project 3 is to analyze the influence of the feeding habits of gray cranes on the gut microbiota on different foraging grounds with a certain spatial distance.The data obtained by sequencing is mined and the analysis results are displayed in graphs.The results show that:1)Proteobacteria and Firmicutes are the two most abundant phyla in the intestinal flora of black-necked crane and gray crane.Proteobacteria,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla in the gut microbiota of Anser indicus.2)The reason why black-necked cranes,gray cranes and A.indicus can co-exist in the same area is that the food preferences of the three species are different,and there is no competition among them.The food preference of bar-headed geese is Angelica,the food preference of gray cranes is Fagopyrum,and the food preference of black-necked cranes is Schoenoplectus.3)The structure of gut microbiota of two sympatric species will be very similar,and the intestinal flora will change with the change of feeding.The intestinal flora of the same species in different years will be affected by food more than that of individuals;4)The microscopic factors for the coexistence of black-necked cranes and gray cranes in different years in the same area are the horizontal transmission of intestinal flora of black-necked cranes and gray cranes in the same area,so that the intestinal flora of black-necked cranes and gray cranes have complementary advantages and are more conducive to each other’s survival;The feeding species of grays at different locations in the same year were different;5)Redundancy analysis showed that food was the key factor affecting the intestinal flora,and the abundance level of food was positively correlated with the abundance level of intestinal flora;6)The correlation heat map showed the correlation between intestinal flora and secondary metabolic pathways.