Analysis Of Spatiotemporal Changes In Land Use And Landscape Ecological Risk In The Huangfan Plain Wind And Sand Area In Shandong Province

The impact of rapid urbanization on regional ecological processes,particularly the changes in land use types and spatial distribution caused by urbanization,have been observed to affect regional landscape patterns,leading to implications for regional ecological security and sustainable development.The Huangfan Plain wind and sand area in Shandong Province,a key national soil erosion prevention area and an important ecological restoration and governance area,is located in the downstream area of the Yellow River.Due to its fragile ecosystem,the area is prone to ecological degradation,exacerbating regional wind and sand disasters and restricting the overall ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.The changes in regional landscape types,landscape configuration,and landscape risks caused by the acceleration of urbanization in the Huangfan Plain wind and sand area of Shandong Province have not yet been systematically evaluated.Therefore,this study aims to quantitatively evaluate the regional landscape risk status and explore the spatiotemporal characteristics and risk level transfer of landscape risks from 2000 to 2020,as well as to quantitatively evaluate the driving factors of natural,social,and economic factors on landscape risks based on the geographic detector.The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for sustainable land use planning and ecological risk management in the Huangfan Plain wind and sand area of Shandong Province.The main research results are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the land use in the wind and sand area of the Huangfan Plain of Shandong Province is mainly arable land,accounting for 76.41%-83.46% of the total area,with a gradual decrease in area;followed by urban and rural,industrial and mining,and residential land,accounting for 16.1%-22.77% of the total area,with a gradual increase in area;the remaining land use types have a smaller distribution area,but the area of grassland and wetland has increased significantly,and grassland The growth rate is the largest,followed by wetlands.The regional land use change is mainly the mutual transformation of arable land and urbanrural,industrial and mining,and residential land,mainly distributed in the peripheral areas of urban built-up areas and rural settlements,concentrated in Heze City;the rest of land use are mainly transformed by arable land.(2)The wind and sand area in the Huangfan Plain of Shandong Province is subject to increased anthropogenic disturbance,and the diversity and uniformity of the landscape are reduced,and the complexity of the spatial structure is increased,which is reflected in the increase of the number,dispersion and diversity of patches,and the decrease of the average patch area and aggregation index.The average patch area of urban and rural,industrial and mining,residential land,wetlands and water bodies increased,and the aggregation degree was higher and the shape was regular.(3)The overall landscape risk in the wind and sand area of the Huangfan Plain of Shandong Province is higher and more scattered,and the region as a whole shows an intensification trend,with medium risk dominating in 2000 but higher risk in 2010 and 2020.The intensification of landscape risk is mainly due to the fragmentation of cultivated patches caused by land use changes resulting in the increase of the overall regional landscape fragmentation index and separateness index.However,with the expansion of urban and rural,industrial and mining,and residential land use,the fragmentation and separation of the region are reduced,lowering its landscape risk,but intensifying the landscape risk in the areas where it borders with other landscape patches.(4)Land use type is the dominant factor of landscape risk in the region,other factors such as GDP,intensity of human activities,and vegetation index have medium explanatory power on the spatial distribution of regional landscape risk,and natural factors such as elevation,temperature,rainfall,and slope have weak explanatory power on landscape risk,but elevation,rainfall,and slope drive landscape risk by interacting with socioeconomic factors.The research results can provide decision reference for land use planning and ecological protection and restoration in the Huangfan Plain area of Shandong Province,and provide technical support for the construction of regional ecological security pattern.