Analysis And Design Of Wireless Sensor Network For Wildlife Monitoring

The wildlife monitoring network uses wireless image sensors as the main monitoring node,which can be used to monitor the number,distribution,behavior and other information of wild animals,and the data can be transmitted without manual work,which is of great significance for wildlife investigation and protection.The commonly used wildlife monitoring network for video transmission is Wi-Fi network,but Wi-Fi network has the following problems: 1)Timed transmission of data in Wi-Fi networks makes remote control difficult and the timely return of valuable data impossible;2)The routing protocol for Wi-Fi networks in the wilderness is difficult to balance node energy consumption;3)Wi-Fi network transmission speeds are greatly affected by the outdoor environment,making it difficult to transmit video and image data.In response to the above issues,thesis designs an infrared camera wireless sensor network that can transmit video,provide timely feedback,balance energy consumption,and fully compress data.The main content is as follows:1.Infrared camera wireless sensor network design: Based on the needs of wildlife monitoring network for transmitting video and providing timely feedback,a Lo-Ra and Wi-Fi communication overall solution is designed.The Lo-Ra network is used to feedback the infrared camera status information and transmit control commands,and WiFi network is used to transmit images and videos when necessary.2.Design of Lo-Ra and Wi-Fi Network for Infrared Camera: In the Lo-Ra network,a star network topology was adopted to ensure reliable network operation.The specific communication mechanisms such as network structure and communication protocol were designed accordingly.To balance energy consumption in the Wi-Fi network,a dynamic routing strategy based on energy prediction and central control was proposed.Through an LSTM model,future energy consumption can be predicted and dynamic routing can be planned accordingly.Simulation results demonstrate that this energy prediction routing can prolong the lifespan of nodes and achieve a balanced energy consumption across the network.3.Infrared camera video image compression mechanism design: a PSNR-based image block change detection mechanism is designed for continuous shooting image scenes of infrared cameras.The similarity of image blocks is measured using PSNR,and only the changed image blocks are encoded during compression,resulting in a compression ratio of more than 40 times.A Region of Interest(ROI)compression mechanism is designed for video compression of infrared cameras,which improves compression efficiency by adjusting the coding rate between the ROI and background areas.For ROI extraction,thesis designs a background modeling method based on the Energy Concentration Index(ECI),which solves the problems of ghosting and dynamic background in traditional background modeling methods by actively capturing blank scenes with infrared cameras and designing ECI indexes.Experimental results show that the ROI compression mechanism in thesis can improve the compression ratio of videos by more than 400 times.4.Performance test of wireless sensor network for infrared cameras: The wireless sensor network of infrared cameras was completed in Anzi River Nature Reserve.The Lo-Ra and Wi-Fi networking and data compression tests proved that the wireless network of infrared cameras worked properly,and the network met the endurance requirements through simulation calculations.The infrared camera network designed in thesis has complete functions and has reached the design index.Compared to Wi Fi networks,the infrared camera wireless sensor network described in thesis has many advantages and has good application value.