Impacts Of "Production-living-ecology" Space Transition And Climate Change On Ecosystem Services

The Yellow River Basin in Shanxi Province is an important national energy base and an important ecological safety barrier in North China,but soil erosion and serious pollution have always been the factors limiting its high-quality development.Climate change and land use change are important factors affecting ecosystem services,The spatial transition of"production-living-ecology"space(i.e.ecology,production and living space)is a new direction of land use change research.The analysis of the impacts of climate change,the spatial transformation of"ecosystem"and other factors on ecosystem services can better formulate and implement a series of ecological measures to maximize the ecosystem service function in the region.Based on the multi-source data of land use,remote sensing,meteorology,soil and other sources in the Yellow River Basin of Shanxi from 1990 to 2020,this paper analyzes the spatial transformation characteristics and climate change characteristics of"production-living-ecology"space in the Yellow River Basin of Shanxi Province by using linear trend and GIS spatial analysis methods.The In VEST model was used to estimate the amount of water yield,soil conservation,carbon storage and nitrogen emissions in water purification services in the basin.Then,through scenario simulation and the control variable method,the impact of"production-living-ecology"space spatial transition and climate change on ecosystem services was quantitatively analyzed.The foundings are described briefly below:(1)The"production-living-ecology"space in the Yellow River Basin of Shanxi presents a spatial pattern of ecology space>production space>living space.The ecological space is widely distributed,and the living space is roughly the same as the production space.From 1990 to 2020,the land area for agricultural production decreased year by year.The area of land used for industrial production increased steadily,while the living space showed an upward trend.In the ecological space,the change of the area of woodland ecological land and grassland ecological land showed a trend of first decreasing,then increasing and then decreasing,while the change of water ecological land and other ecological land was not obvious.From 1990 to 2020,the average annual precipitation was509.64 mm and the average annual temperature was 9.53℃.In terms of time variation,precipitation showed a fluctuating and rising trend with time variation,while temperature showed a significant rising trend with time variation.Spatially,the spatial pattern of precipitation in each year is different.The spatial pattern of temperature in each year is similar.(2)In terms of time,the average water yield of the Yellow River Basin in Shanxi in1990,2000,2010 and 2020 was 139.89 mm,89.57 mm,92.32 mm and 138.01 mm,showing a trend of decreasing first and then increasing.The soil conservation were 62.14t/hm~2,68.51 t/hm~2,103.48 t/hm~2and 162.69 t/hm~2,which showed an increasing trend.The carbon storage rate was 127.64 t/hm~2,112.26 t/hm~2,113.82 t/hm~2and 116.36 t/hm~2,which showed a trend of decreasing first and then rising slowly.Nitrogen emissions were 0.7969kg/hm~2,0.8057 kg/hm~2,0.8097 kg/hm~2and 0.8267 kg/hm~2,respectively,showing a slow rise.Spatially,during the study period,there was a significant difference in the spatial distribution of high water yield.Luliang Mountain,Taiyue Mountain and Zhongtiao Mountain were the main areas with high soil conservation service.The high carbon storage were mainly distributed in Luliang Mountain,Taiyue Mountain and Zhongtiao Mountain.High nitrogen emission from water purification service is distributed in Taiyuan,Linfen and Yuncheng basins.There were significant spatial autocorrelations among water yield,soil conservation,carbon storage and water purification services(p<0.001).(3)The spatial transition of"production-living-ecology"space and climate change have different impacts on the four key ecosystem services in the river basin.For water yield,the contribution of climate change is relatively high,which are 98.05%,80.37%and64.78%.The contribution of climate change to soil conservation services was relatively large,which were 84.52%,95.68%and 99.91%,respectively.For carbon storage,the contribution of climate change is still relatively large,at 98.89%,90.67%and 71.93%,respectively.For water purification services,the contribution of"production-living-ecology"space transition is still relatively large,respectively 87.50%,61.90%and 73.33%.