Research On The Firearm Translations Of Jiangnan Machinery Manufacturing Bureau Translation Hall

During the late Qing Dynasty,amid internal and external troubles and the "great diversion" of military forces,China gradually lagged behind the world.After the scientific revolution,the West established a modern industrial system,and firearms technology advanced by leaps and bounds.At this time,China was still in the pre industrial era,with weapons and equipment difficult to withstand the attacks of Western hard ships and artillery.In the face of the great change that has not happened for thousands of years,the Westernization Movement recognized the huge gap between China and the West.In order to save the dying rule of the Qing government,in the 1860 s,it established the guiding ideology of learning from foreigners to control them,and launched the Westernization Movement.The Westernization Movement took various actions in the process of learning and transplanting Western science and technology.In 1868,the establishment of the Translation Hall of the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau was one of the important events in the historical process,and it was the base camp for the dissemination of Western learning.The original intention of the translation library is to "strengthen oneself",and the selection of the base text of the translation follows the principle of "adapting to one’s own needs and using it closely".The content of the early translation and introduction was "military science".At that time,as the mainstream of firearms technology,the German Krupp artillery was highly praised by the important ministers of the late Qing Dynasty,mainly represented by Zeng Guofan,Li Hongzhang,and Zuo Zongtang.The Westernization Movement actively introduced it to equip the military,and the introduction of new weapons inevitably required a rapid understanding of their performance,function,and operating technology.Therefore,the translation of the introduction of Krupp artillery manufacturing technology and operating technology became a representative work in the military field of the Translation Museum of the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau,There are eleven books in total,such as "The Krupp Artillery Theory","The Krupp Artillery Technique","The Krupp Artillery Technique",and so on.As a carrier of Western military knowledge imported into China,this batch of translated works met the actual needs of the Chinese people at that time to understand and apply modern artillery.In the process of opening their eyes to the world and gradually enduring humiliation towards Western science and culture,the Chinese objectively introduced new and new technologies for the use and manufacture of military implements to China,impacting the old and backward military system,and promoting the modernization and transformation of Chinese society to a certain extent.The translation of the Western Book reflects a long-standing technological transfer.This article,starting with the introduction of Krupp technology to China,examines the introduction of translated works related to Krupp cannons in the context of continuous communication,change,collision,and integration of Eastern and Western technologies,based on historical facts and from a point to surface perspective,The aim is to more clearly demonstrate the profound impact of the introduction of Western firearms technology knowledge on the theory and practice of Chinese firearms technology,as well as its role in the transformation of modern Chinese society.The aim is to make a more systematic and comprehensive analysis of the introduction of firearms translated works in the late Qing Dynasty.