The Impact Of The Heterogeneity Of Individual On Epidemic Transmission In Multi-layer Networks

In 2019,the unexpected COVID-19 has caused a long and lasting negative impact on people all over the world,seriously affecting people’s lifestyle and quality of life.Therefore,the question of effectively inhibiting diseases spreading has become the focus of attention.This paper mainly studies the impact of the heterogeneity of individuals on epidemic transmission in a multi-layered network.The main content of this paper are twofold as follows:(1)The impact of the heterogeneity of individuals on epidemic transmission in the static network;(2)The impact of the heterogeneity of individuals on epidemic transmission in the time-varying network.In the static network,we consider the effect of three types of the heterogeneity of individuals on the spread of disease.The considered heterogeneities of individuals are as follows: the heterogeneity of individual influences in the information layer,the heterogeneity of individual influences in the epidemic layer,and the heterogeneity of individual behavioral responses to epidemics.Results indicate that either the heterogeneity of individual influences in the information layer or the strength of individuals’ responses to epidemics can influence the epidemic threshold with a nonlinear way.However,the heterogeneity of individual influences in the epidemic layer has few effect on the epidemic threshold,but can affects the magnitude of the final infected density.Furthermore,in the time-varying network,we propose a multi-layer activity-driven network with attractiveness,which aims to explore the effects of the heterogeneous behaviors on the interplay of awareness and epidemic.At the same time,we also consider four factors that have significant influences on the epidemic transmission including self-quarantine of infected individuals,safe social distancing between infected and susceptible individuals,information spreading of aware individuals,and the heterogeneity of the number of edges emitted by the activated individuals.The results demonstrate that performing self-quarantine and maintaining safe social distance can effectively raise the epidemic thresholds and suppress the spread of diseases.Moreover,considering the heterogeneities of individual,we find that under the same conditions,similar results can be obtained regardless of the number of edges emitted by the activated individuals.However,epidemics outbreak earlier when the number of edges emitted by the activated individuals are different.In summary,the results show that either in static networks or in time-varying networks,the heterogeneities of individual have important influences on the spread of epidemics.Then,this paper also provides some theoretical support on how to control diseases outbreaks.